面向21世纪禁毒专业课程设置构想

云南公安高等专科学校作为一所专门为云南公安战线培养高级应用人才的高等警察院校 ,根据禁毒斗争需要 ,学校于 1997年全国首次设立禁毒专业 ,2 0 0 2年又成立了世界上第一个禁毒系。在对禁毒实战部门所需人才、知识和能力结构调查 ,以及综合考虑各种相关要求和因素的基础上 ,对禁毒专业课程设置进行了研究 ,旨在提供科学及合理的课程设置。     

陆良县农场式戒毒创新路

抓好禁吸戒毒工作是一件事关维护社会政治稳定和治安稳定的大事 ,是维护老百姓的利益工程。陆良县的劳动康复戒毒———农场式戒毒取得了良好的社会效果 ,其从戒毒所封闭式的戒毒管理发展到半开放型农场式的戒毒形式 ,变外循环为内循环。使戒毒人员思想稳定 ,身体康复 ,集体荣誉感增强 ,生活经费得到保障 ,真正达到劳动康复、以劳补所的目的。     

Phenobarbital in hair and drug monitoring

Phenobarbital analysis was performed in vertex hair of patients by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). After washing with dichloromethane, about 250 mg were ground to dust in a ball mill. A 50-mg sample was stirred mechanically for 10 min with 3 ml of NH₄Cl/HCl buffer (pH 2.0) containing phenobarbital D₅. A solid phase extraction was performed (extrelut Merck) and elution was achieved with chloroform/isopropanol/n-heptane (50:17:33; v/v). A full scan (40–240 uma) acquisition was realized by GC/MS with an ion trap (ITD 700 Finnigan) using a DB5-MS chromatographic column. Quantification was achieved by integrating dominants ions (phenobarbital, 204; phenobarbital D₅, 209). Compared to serum, hair concentrates phenobarbital during anti-epileptic therapy (average value 36.4 ng/mg, n = 40 vs. 18.7 mg/l, n = 23). A group correlation exists between phenobarbital in hair and phenobarbital in serum, and between phenobarbital in hair and clinic observation in some typical cases. Phenobarbital in hair yields good information over a long period, especially when blood collection has not been made, when clinical disorders are observed on long-term therapeutic observance.     

云南铁路禁毒斗争回顾与思考

多年来 ,云南铁路公安机关开展了卓有成效的禁毒斗争 ,特别是 1998年昆明铁路公安局成立以后 ,始终把维护铁路治安稳定与全面开展禁毒斗争有机结合起来 ,取得了显著成效。但是 ,铁路公安机关全面开展禁毒斗争目前也确实存在着一些困难和问题 ,主要有经费不足、法律法规不健全等。只有解决了这些困难和问题 ,云南铁路禁毒工作才能更有效地发挥作用     

没有处方买到处方药而引发纠纷的案件分析与思考

药物与人们的生命健康息息相关,也是引发医疗纠纷和诉讼的重要因素。我国目前在保护公众用药安全的制度方面还存在较大的问题,为保护人民用药安全,我国应当尽快出台药品分类管理条例和执业药师法,加快药品分类管理制度和执业药师制度的建设。     

Use of drugs of abuse in less than 30-year-old drivers killed in a road crash in France: A spectacular increase for cannabis, cocaine and amphetamines

A collaborative study was conducted in France in order to determine the prevalence of cannabinoids, opiates, cocaine metabolites and amphetamines in blood samples from drivers killed in road accidents in 2003 and 2004 and to compare these values with those of a previous study performed during the period 2000–2001 involving 900 drivers. Blood samples were provided from 2003 under 30-year-old drivers, killed in a traffic accident. Drugs of abuse were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using the same analytical procedures in all the 12 laboratories.The most frequently observed compounds were by far cannabinoids, that tested positive in 39.6% of the total number of samples. Δ⁹ tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most active of the principle constituents in marijuana (cannabis sativa), was detected in the blood of 28.9% drivers and was the single drug of abuse in 80.2% of the positive cases. It was associated with amphetamines in 7.4% and with opiates and cocaine in 1.9 and 4.8%, respectively. Amphetamines were present in 3.1% of the total number of samples, cocaine metabolites in 3.0% and opiates in 3.5%.When comparing these results with those of a previous study performed 3 years before, a significant increase is observed for THC (28.9% versus 16.9%), cocaine metabolites (3.0% versus 0.2%) and amphetamines (3.1% versus 1.4%).This study demonstrates the critical necessity of implementing in France as soon as possible systematical roadside testing for drugs of abuse.     

毒品犯罪案件中实物证据的收集方法

收集证据是办理刑事案件的一项重要工作内容,实物证据是所有犯罪证据中的一种重要形式,是以物品的形态作为表现形式的证据。由于实物证据只是一种间接证据,收集难度比较大,所以办案人员应重视实物证据的收集。收集方法包括:物证的收集;书证的收集;勘验、检查记录的收集;视听材料的收集。     

药品回扣的多重性思考

药品回扣是市场经济发展过程中的不和谐因素,它的产生有着多方面的原因,在发达的资本主义国家同样存在,它在中国的泛滥不能单从中国医生的职业道德上来探讨。药品回扣产生于市场经济社会中,因而它的产生有其深层次的经济性原因。人的私欲是人性之一,药品回扣的利益瓜分就是这种私欲的最直接的表现。医疗的公益性决定了药品回扣的消除只能以利治利,加大公共财政投入。同时,健全相应的医疗制度,在法律规制下铲除药品回扣这一社会毒瘤。     

监管场所25例非正常死亡的法医学分析

目的通过对监管场所非正常死亡案例进行筛选、收集,分析其影响因素及法医学特点。方法收集某鉴定中心2000—2015年间受理的监管场所在押人员非正常死亡案例25例,从性别、年龄、历年发案数、死亡原因、死亡方式等方面分析其特征,并对公安类监管场所和监狱类场所的案件性质进行对比。结果涉案死者均为男性,中青年人群为高危人群,历年发案数量呈逐年下降趋势。公安类监管场所的伤害案件发生率(64.7%)大于监狱类场所(12.5%),而监狱类场所的自杀率(62.5%)高于公安类(23.5%)。死亡原因以损伤和窒息为主,其他还有中毒和电击等。结论监管场所非正常死亡案件暴露出执法不规范、监管有漏洞、医疗水平差等问题。进行全面、细致的尸体解剖对于查明此类案件的死因有重要意义。     

Manners of Death in Drug‐Related Fatalities in Florida

To understand the mortality patterns among drug users and potential risk factors, we evaluated drug‐related deaths reported to the Florida Medical Examiners Commission from 2001 to 2013, by substances, demographics, and manner of death. The annual drug‐related fatalities increased by 57% from 2001 to 2013 (total n = 100,882); 51.8% were accidental, 7.9% homicide, 18.6% natural, and 19.6% suicide. The different manners of death exhibited distinct demographic profiles and drug composition. The gender gap was more prominent in homicide. Age ≥55 years was more closely associated with natural death and suicide. Age <35 years and central nervous system (CNS) stimulants including amphetamines and cocaine showed higher relative risks for accidental death and homicide, whereas CNS depressants including benzodiazepines, carisoprodol, opioids, and zolpidem were more strongly associated with accidental death and/or suicide. The findings aid in identifying populations more vulnerable to drug‐related deaths, developing targeted interventions and thereby improving efficiency of preventive efforts.