论毒品案件的侦查观念

毒品问题是世界面临的重大社会问题 ,尽管各国都在积极的进行禁毒工作 ,但毒品问题依旧严重。而毒品犯罪案件的侦查又是一门新兴学科 ,作为侦查学的内容 ,对毒品案件的侦查又有着特殊的方面。因此 ,在毒品案件的侦查阶段 ,我们必须具备统一的思想认识 ,在侦查的全过程体现情报观念、证据观念、法制观念和技术观念。     

青少年吸毒问题研究

青少年吸毒者的比例越来越大 ,据有关部门统计已占到全国登记在册吸毒人员的近 80 % ,究其原因 ,可分为主观原因和客观原因 ,所带来的危害也是极其严重的。他们能否健康地成长 ,直接关系到国家的兴衰和民族的存亡。因此 ,关心和教育好青少年 ,使他们远离毒品 ,健康成长 ,全社会都要齐抓共管 ,特别是各级各类学校更是责无旁贷 ,且任重道远     

目前国内关于吸毒问题研究的现状综述

通过对近十年来 ( 1 994 - 2 0 0 2 )的文献检索 ,我国目前关于吸毒问题的研究 ,大致有“吸毒人群现状、毒品泛滥原因、毒品的危害性、吸毒的心理社会干预”等 ,能够结合我国禁毒工作的实际需要开展研究 ,起到了积极的提供决策参考和禁毒宣传作用 ;同时也存在重现状原因分析 ,轻心理社会干预研究 ,实证性、理论性研究少 ,研究方法陈旧落后等不足 ,建议毒品问题研究需改进。     

The challenge of identification following the tragedy of the Solar Temple (Cheiry/Salvan, Switzerland)

On October 5, 1994, 48 members of the Sect of the Solar Temple were found dead at two different locations in Switzerland: 23 victims in Cheiry and 25 victims in Salvan. Our Institute was commissioned to solve the forensic problems presented by this tragedy. Our goals were to establish the time of death, determine its causes, help elucidate the surrounding circumstances and identify the victims. This work presented us with the following challenges

• this catastrophe was of an ‘open’ type: there were no lists of ‘passengers’;

• the victims were of five different nationalities and many had just arrived in Switzerland to participate in this event;

• family ties were very complex within the group;

• half of the victims were burned and sometimes charred;

• the exceptionally intense media coverage of the story put a lot of pressure on the investigators and our Institute.

In spite of these difficulties, all the victims were positively identified within 1 month. In the present report, we describe the steps realized to progress in our work. A special section describes our relationship with the journalists and their invaluable help in our investigations. The importance of being prepared for such an event is discussed.     

Positional Asphyxia in Opioid-Related Deaths: Is It Being Overlooked?

The contribution of positional asphyxia in opioid-related deaths is currently unknown. Diagnostic criteria for positional asphyxia include finding the decedent in a position that does not allow for adequate respiration and an inability to extricate themselves from the position due to various conditions. Our primary objective was to assess whether positional asphyxia and the resulting airway compromise were a contributing factor to death due to the toxic effects of opioids. We evaluated 225 deaths where the death scene investigation contained adequate information to evaluate for positional asphyxia and performed a Pearson chi-square test to determine if the proportion of deaths found in an airway compromising position was higher when opioid(s) caused the death. The proportion of decedents found in a potential airway compromising position was greater when the death was related to opioid use (p < 0.0001). Further, narrowing the dataset to decedents who were definitely in an airway compromising position [Yes (24.49%) vs. No (11.02%)] showed a statistically significant association between positional asphyxia and deaths related to opioid use (p = 0.0021). Carefully documenting the position in which the decedent was initially found may be a significant factor in accurate reporting and in harm reduction efforts to decrease the opioid mortality rate.     

“金三角”地区毒品形势系列调查报告（五）——云南省打击“金三角”毒品走私的基本经验

多年来,云南省打击"金三角"地区毒品走私,遏制毒源的基本经验主要有四个方面:一是以根除毒源为战略突破口,遏制"金三角"毒品生产,整体推进禁毒人民战争;二是以堵源截流为重点,遏制"金三角"毒品渗透,重点推进禁毒人民战争;三是以禁吸戒毒为着力点,遏制"金三角"毒品消费市场,全力推进禁毒人民战争;四是以预防教育为本,遏制"金三角"毒品的危害,全面推进禁毒人民战争。     

云南新型毒品滥用群体朋辈行为因素实证分析

新型毒品滥用群体朋辈的日常行为从总体上而言,偏常是较为明显的,有三类滥用新型毒品群体与日常行为指标不同而呈现出不同的特征。一是"h igh"妹朋辈群体大部分指标值高于公司职员朋辈群体,在"与人发生非婚性关系"上,甚至高于无业者群体朋辈;二是公司职员朋辈群体整体指标平均值最低,接近于正常水平,但在"喝酒"指标上赋值最高。三是无业者朋辈群体偏常行为最为明显,在"偷盗"、"抽烟"、"打架斗殴"、"谈论过自杀"、"尝试过自杀"几个指标上赋值最高;因此,要加强对上述三类群体接触新型毒品的预防教育。     

“金三角”地区毒品形势系列调查报告——老挝北部地区毒品对我渗透形势的调查

2007年1月18日至20日,国家社科项目"‘金三角’地区毒品对我渗透形势的新变化及应对策略研究"课题组赴老挝北部与我国边境一带进行了毒情调研。由于中国与老挝近年来多次联合开展扫毒行动,大力发展替代种植,取得显著成效,老挝北部地区毒品对我渗透形势已经发生根本改变。     

Does incarceration-based drug treatment reduce recidivism? A meta-analytic synthesis of the research

This research synthesized results from 66 published and unpublished evaluations of incarceration-based drug treatment programs using meta-analysis. Incarceration-based drug treatment programs fell into five types: therapeutic communities (TCs), residential substance abuse treatment (RSAT), group counseling, boot camps specifically for drug offenders, and narcotic maintenance programs. We examined the effectiveness of each of these types of interventions in reducing post-release offending and drug use, and we also examined whether differences in research findings can be explained by variations in methodology, sample, or program features. Our results consistently found support for the effectiveness of TC programs on both outcome measures, and this finding was robust to variations in method, sample, and program features. We also found support for the effectiveness of RSAT and group counseling programs in reducing re-offending, but these programs’ effects on drug use were ambiguous. A limited number of evaluations assessed narcotic maintenance or boot camp programs; however, the existing evaluations found mixed support for maintenance programs and no support for boot camps.     

混合型监管：政策工具视野下的中国药品安全监管

在当代中国,社会性监管正在被越来越多地运用到公共卫生、生产安全和环境保护等公共治理过程.以药品安全监管为个案,结合西方社会性监管的有关理论,从建章立制、设立标准、建立奖惩机制以及优化执行系统四个政策工具角度,对当代中国药品安全监管的政策过程进行分析,结果表明,由于受到社会治理模式转型的影响,中国药品安全监管模式可以被界定为"混合型监管".一方面,中国的药品安全监管政策在形式上已经具有了一些现代监管型政府的特点,例如建章立制、设立标准,并综合运用经济、法律和行政等手段;另一方面,却在许多方面仍然带有许多前监管型政府特征,而这些特征大都是计划经济时代的产物.虽然监管型政府正在逐渐取代全能型政府而成为未来中国政府可能的治理模式,但是从政策分析的角度来看,监管型政府的建设在中国并不是一蹴而就的.建设一个高效的现代监管型政府,仍然是市场经济时代下中国国家政权建设过程中的重要目标.