Changes in illicit cocaine hydrochloride processing identified and revealed through multivariate analysis of cocaine signature data

For nearly 30 years, the methods utilized in illicit cocaine hydrochloride production have remained relatively consistent. Cocaine hydrochloride is typically produced one kilogram at a time. As a result, each individual kilogram is unique and distinct from other kilograms in any particular seizure based on the total alkaloid profile, occluded solvent profile, and isotopic signature. Additionally, multi-kilogram cocaine seizures are often comprised of cocaine from several different coca growing regions. There has been a documented shift in this type of processing based on the recent analysis of a large cocaine seizure in the Eastern Pacific. Signature analyses of samples from 21 kg randomly selected from a 517 kg seizure were virtually identical. Triplicate analyses of each sample via gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, static headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry were completed. An initial outlier evaluation of the data and an in-depth univariate analysis indicated there was no statistically significant difference among the 21 samples at the 95% confidence interval. Principal components analysis did reveal consistent minor deviations between the samples and known authentic data from the Nariño coca growing region of Colombia. These deviations were only observed on the latter principal components and could be explained by differences in solvent selection during cocaine hydrochloride processing. Chemical analyses in addition to a thorough statistical evaluation suggest a shift in the traditional small-batch method of cocaine processing to a multi-kilogram, high throughput approach.     

检察院提起公益诉讼面临的困境和推进方向

检察机关提起公益诉讼在我国正在如火如荼地开展,并取得了初步的成效,特别是在生态环境与资源保护以及食品药品安全领域。但由于案件来源受到制约、可诉案件的种类范畴过窄、检察院的调查取证权和调查核实权缺乏明确的法律授权、诉讼中举证责任的分担规则不甚明确、公益诉讼被告不配合或阻挠以及诉讼费用如何分担等问题的存在,司法实践操作中还存在诸多困惑和困难。因此,如何推进检察院的公益诉讼是当前和今后一段时间内检察院面临的一个重要任务,需要理论界和司法实务部门共同探讨对策,尽快完善立法并颁布相应的司法解释,为检察机关公益诉讼的顺利开展提供立法和司法保障。     

为社会和谐服务的理念应当贯穿禁吸戒毒工作的始终

和谐和进步文明是未来社会发展的主题,维护、促进社会和谐和社会进步文明是政法机关的工作己任。在具体的公安工作中融入和谐发展的理念是时代赋予公安机关的使命,为和谐发展服务应该成为贯穿公安工作始终的追求目标。尽管禁吸戒毒工作只是公安政法工作或社会工作中的一个小点,但它对整个社会和谐的支撑作用却不容忽视,只有个人、家庭、单位、组织之间相互和谐了,才会有整个国家和社会的和谐。     

民国初年新疆禁毒研究

民国初年,清末尚未完全解决的烟毒问题因为社会动荡在新疆再度出现,鸦片泛滥成灾。由于民国政府将于1915年派官员陪同英国代表到新疆检查禁烟实施情况,新疆地方政府根据实际情况主要从三个方面(严抓禁种、澄清吏治、堵源截流)展开了一系列禁毒活动。虽然取得了一定成效,但由于禁毒带有一定的政治功利性,禁毒并不彻底。民国初年新疆禁毒的经验和教训值得总结和反思。     

美国禁毒政策初探

美国毒品政策处在不断变化修改过程中,传统的禁毒政策是以控制供求为主要模式,并与有组织犯罪政策,对外政策相互协调,具体是减少供应和减少需求两种政策。鉴于传统禁毒政策无法有效地解决毒品问题,很多学者在修改传统理论的基础上,提出了一些新的禁毒措施。     

云南省西双版纳州遏制毒品犯罪对策研究

地处边境一线,毗邻毒品生产基地的西双版纳州,随着禁毒斗争形势的变化,毒情形势严峻,严重威胁着边疆的稳定与边境地区和谐社会的构建。遏制对策:1.严厉打击毒品犯罪活动;2.推进“无毒社区”和“无毒乡镇”的创建;3.开展毒品犯罪预防教育;4.加强国际合作;5.替代发展。     

昆明警方对毒品的公开查缉与启示

打击毒品犯罪 ,减少和消除毒品祸害 ,是公安、武警、边防、海关等职能部门面临和担负的一项长期而又艰巨的重要任务。因此 ,对毒品的公开查辑 ,是当前禁毒斗争中一项行之有效的手段 ,值得积极探索和研究。昆明市公安局禁毒支队按照“破大案 ,打团伙、抓毒袅、摧网络”的工作思路采用“主动出击 ,公秘结合”的办法 ,通过专案侦查、公开查缉、打零查吸、专项整治、综合治理等措施 ,不断加大打击毒品犯罪力度 ,取得显著成效。     

云南省禁吸戒毒工作新途径——浅谈对吸毒人员收戒方式由“外循环”向“内循环”转变的重要性和可行性

所谓对吸毒人员收戒由“外循环”向“内循环”转变 ,就是由强制戒毒所将吸毒人员的收戒和劳动康复时间从 3至 6个月延长至 1年 ;扩大收戒吸毒人员的容量 ,一次性将本地吸毒人员全部收戒 ,做到社会面上无吸毒人员 ;实现把戒毒人员的生理脱瘾、心理矫正、劳动康复、自食其力作为禁吸禁毒工作这一系统工程的关键点来实施 ,以提高戒断巩固质量的新举措。     

试论西部地区毒品犯罪的严峻形势及禁毒方略

文章分析了西部地区毒品犯罪的严峻形势后 ,认为针对西部毒品犯罪的特殊性 ,必须紧密结合西部地区的自身特点 ,按照国家统一部署 ,提高认识 ,加大禁毒力度 ,标本兼治 ,从根本上解决毒品问题 ,为西部大开发创造良好的社会治安环境。     

A research note: the outcome of GC/MS/MS confirmation of hair assays on 93 cannabinoid (+) cases

This article reports the outcome of gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry confirmations for THC and carboxy-THC on 93 hair samples screened by RIA for cannabinoids. The samples were taken from probationers in Pinellas County, FL, who voluntarily provided the research staff with six hair and six urine specimens, collected at 1-month intervals. There were 40 samples that were RIA (+), urinalysis (−). Samples were selected which had cannabinoid (+) outcomes for hair, urine, or both. The THC and/or the carboxy-THC was (+) on confirmation. Of these 40 samples, 22 were (+) for both THC and carboxy-THC, 15 were (+) for THC but not carboxy-THC, and three were carboxy THC (+), but THC (−). Only one sample had a (+) RIA, but was (−) for both THC and carboxy-THC on confirmation. RIA detection of cannabinoids was confirmed in nearly all cases. Most cases that were RIA (−) but urine (+) were cannabinoid (+) when analyzed by GC/MS/MS.