浅论毒品犯罪所侵害的法益

毒品犯罪法益研究对毒品犯罪的罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的认定以及其他诸多问题的解决具有很大的意义。现有的关于毒品犯罪法益的诸多论述是错误的,会让我们在司法实践中产生混乱,也没有办法在理论上自圆其说。文章认为,毒品犯罪的法益是社会有机体的公共健康,我们的司法解释和司法实践应当在这样一个基本的认识之上进行。同时,毒品犯罪的法益又是随时间和空间而变化的,不能进行僵化的理解。     

Increased Lung Weights in Drug‐related Fatalities

This study is of autopsy data for potential validation as to whether increased weights of the lungs support toxic effects of drugs as the cause of death. This retrospective study compared data from 133 deaths resulting from the toxic effects of drugs with previously reported normal lung weights (Toxicol Mech Methods, 22, 2012, 159; Am J Forensic Med Pathol 33, 2012, 368). The lung weights and their standard errors were used in a two‐sample independent t‐test comparing the average drug‐related death weight to the average control weights. To account for multiple comparisons, a Bonferroni‐adjusted alpha level of 0.0125 was used. We are 98.75% confident that the mean right lung weight for female drug‐related deaths is between 227 and 377 g greater than the mean right lung weight for female non‐drug‐related deaths. We are 98.75% confident that the mean right lung weight for male drug‐related deaths is between 245 and 378 g greater than the mean right lung weight for male non‐drug‐related deaths.     

Drugs in injured drivers in Denmark

As part of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL) under the European Commission's Transport RTD Programme of the 5th Framework Programme [I.M. Bernhoft, Drugs in accidents involved drivers in Denmark, D-R4.3 of the project Impaired Motorists, Methods Of Roadside Testing and Assessment for Licensing (IMMORTAL), www.immortal.or.at, 2005], a study regarding drugs in accident-involved drivers was carried out in Denmark. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to collect and analyse samples from injured drivers for the presence of drugs; (2) to give an indication whether drugs may have contributed to traffic accidents; and (3) to get information on the drug-positive drivers and their drug use. This paper focuses on objective 1. Injured drivers who were treated in hospital were asked to give a saliva sample, a blood sample or both. The samples were screened for the following substances: opiates, amphetamines, methamphetamines, incl. MDMA (ecstasy), cannabinoids and metabolites, cocaine and metabolites and benzodiazepines. Screenings were carried out by means of Cozart Microplate EIA kit. Positive screenings were confirmation analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In total, 26 out of 330 patients were confirmed positive for one or more of the six drug groups. However, three patients were excluded from the survey for various reasons. Of the remaining 23 drug-positive patients 15 were found positive for one drug group, and in five of these cases alcohol was present in a concentration over the legal limit in Denmark (0.05%). The other eight patients were found positive for two drug groups, and in four of these cases, alcohol was also present in a concentration over the legal limit. Alcohol was found both in combinations with medicinal drugs, with illegal drugs and with both. Based on the saliva or blood concentrations, we estimate that there is a strong suspicion of impairment in 9 out of 23 cases, and in another six cases it was likely that the drivers were impaired.     

一例药物过敏性休克死亡的医疗问题鉴定分析

目的探讨药物（低分子右旋糖酐）过敏性休克医疗纠纷案件的法医学鉴定思路及关键点，从而为审判提供划分侵权责任及医疗赔偿的科学依据。方法详细报道一例低分子右旋糖酐药物过敏性休克死亡的两级医疗事故鉴定，法医学鉴定及二次不同的法院判决结果的医疗纠纷案例。结果两级医疗事故鉴定均认为该例属医疗意外，不属医疗事故，一审判决驳回起诉。法医学鉴定认为在对该例的抢救过程中确存在不当之处；患者确因药物（低右）过敏性休克死亡，未发现院方有违反医疗常规的行为，对该例的治疗方案属非必要治疗措施。在抢救过程中，肾上腺素没有作为首选用药，肾上腺素应用不及时，药量不充足。因抢救地点的限制致使抢救质量不好。据此，二审判决被告院方对患者方予以赔偿。结论药物过敏性休克的法医学鉴定应注重：①全面审查所提供的详细医疗材料，分析整个医疗过程的临床变化特点；②全面尸检；③进行药品检验、毒物分析；④排除疾病及其它死因；⑤进行确证死因的检验。在此基础上分析确定死因及医疗过程是否存在问题，如存在医疗不当之处，分析此种医疗不当在患者的死亡中的关系比例，并适当表述鉴定意见。     

吸毒及其相关概念论要

目前全世界有 2亿多人在吸毒 ,截止 2 0 0 1年底 ,中国登记在册吸毒人已达 90 1万人。吸毒以其突出的社会危害性受到当今世界各国及国际社会的共同关注 ,治理吸毒问题是我国禁毒工作的首要任务之一。然而 ,我国对“禁吸”的基础理论研究相对薄弱。本文对吸毒及其相关概念进行初步研究 ,旨在为治理吸毒问题构建必要的理论基础提供参考。     

BREAKING THE CYCLE OF DRUGS AND CRIME: FINDINGS FROM THE BIRMINGHAM BTC DEMONSTRATION

Research Summary: We compared 137 felony defendants arrested before the implementation of Breaking the Cycle, a pretrial intervention with felony defendants that included drug testing, supervision, and drug treatment as needed, to 245 BTC participants. We found Significant lower rates of arrest and self-reported drug use and crime among BTC participants during the next year.
Policy Implications: Systematic intervention aimed at all drug-involved felony defendants, not just selected defendants, is effective, but may encounter substantial challenges in achieving collaboration across criminal justice agencies, services providers, and levels/branches of government.     

台湾地区毒品戒治与再犯之研究（节选）

反毒、禁毒的刑事政策归纳其中不外“断绝供给、减少需求”也就是“缉毒、戒毒、拒毒”等三大重点。目前 ,台湾地区参与戒毒工作的有医疗、宗教、矫正机关及观护等四大体系。《毒品危害防制条例》于 1998年 5月 2 2日公告施行以来 ,“缉毒”与“拒毒”已有成效 ,使得药物、毒品滥用之情形获得控制 ,毒品犯占整体犯罪人口之比例减缓增长 ,但“戒毒”却无进展。可见戒治与计划之成效有待加以检讨 ,以达到对毒品及药物成瘾者累犯、再犯严重情形之有效控制。     

河南省毒品犯罪的态势及对策

河南省毒品犯罪受国际毒潮的侵袭和国内毒品犯罪的影响,呈现出新的发展态势,主要表现在:毒品犯罪案件持续上升;吸毒人员继续增多,毒品消费市场进一步扩大;毒品犯罪职业化、团体化、网络化、武装化日趋明显;省内外贩毒分子相互勾结犯罪增多,境外毒品向我省渗透加剧等。必须采取相应的对策予以解决。     

构建“禁毒系统工程”体系的思考

禁毒系统工程指从系统思想出发,将禁毒工作视为由相互联系因素所构成的有机整体,运用系统工程的方法进行各项禁毒措施的制定、实施和监督、反馈,并通过国家或各种社会力量来保障实现总体目标的管理方法。其子系统包括禁毒决策系统、禁毒实施系统、禁毒监控系统、禁毒反馈系统四部分。禁毒系统工程体系要有效运作,就要有计划地协调各子系统开展禁毒工作,子系统与禁毒相关工作的管理与控制、设计与开展都必须服从于禁毒系统工程的需求。     

色质联用技术在毒品检验中的应用

毒品检验是打击毒品违法犯罪的一种重要手段,特别是色质联用技术在毒品检验中的广泛使用,拓展了禁毒工作内涵。其优势:1.测定毒品中的各种成分和含量;2.推断藏匿毒品的重量;3.检验毛发中的毒品等。