贩毒案件的侦查程序和方法

毒品犯罪案件是一类特殊的刑事案件。其中贩毒案件也应当依照刑事案件的办理程序,依法采取规定的强制措施进行侦破,但具体操作中也有其特殊性。     

美国与日本的反毒政策可借镜之观点与对策（节选）

近年来 ,台湾面临严重的药物滥用问题 ,对社会治安、民众健康与青少年生存发展 ,均造成重大之伤害 ,实为当前政府与社会之重要课题。美日两国亦颇为毒品所苦 ,其两国对毒品之防治亦不遗余力。他山之石或可攻玉。本文旨在探讨美日两国药物滥用之防治措施 ,并借由归纳两国之防治措施以提供评估相似策略之参考     

当前我国青少年吸毒的原因及防治对策

当前我国青少年吸毒现象依然严重,剖析青少年吸毒的原因,进而提出防治对策。1.充分发挥学校教育阵地的作用;2.注重家庭教育的预防作用;3.加大毒品犯罪打击力度;4.做好戒毒和帮教管理工作;5.建立防范青少年染毒的社会机制;6.增强青少年自身防毒能力。     

Self-reports of Police Speeding Stops by Race: Results from the North Carolina Reverse Record Check Survey

Survey reports of police stops and driving behavior are a potential methodology for examining the magnitude and prevalence of the “Driving While Black” phenomena. However, estimates of the magnitude or correlates of racial disparity in police stops from self-reported survey data are potentially compromised if the accuracy of self-reports of police stops and driving behavior differ by race. We report on the results of a reverse record check survey in which we directly assess the degree and consequences of differences by race in self-reports of police stops. In our sample of drivers who had been cited for speeding in the preceding year, we found that 77% of the White respondents and 71% of the African American respondents admitted to being stopped. While both groups underreport stops, African Americans do so at a higher rate. This finding is consistent with many past studies which report stronger social desirability effects on survey responses among African Americans. Thus, survey data will tend to underestimate the magnitude of the “Driving While Black” phenomena.

Microbial metagenome profiling using amplicon length heterogeneity-polymerase chain reaction proves more effective than elemental analysis in discriminating soil specimens

The combination of soil's ubiquity and its intrinsic abiotic and biotic information can contribute greatly to the forensic field. Although there are physical and chemical characterization methods of soil comparison for forensic purposes, these require a level of expertise not always encountered in crime laboratories. We hypothesized that soil microbial community profiling could be used to discriminate between soil types by providing biological fingerprints that confer uniqueness. Three of the six Miami-Dade soil types were randomly selected and sampled. We compared the microbial metagenome profiles generated using amplicon length heterogeneity-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the 16S rRNA genes with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy analysis of 13 elements (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, and Zn) that are commonly encountered in soils. Bray-Curtis similarity index and analysis of similarity were performed on all data to establish differences within sites, among sites, and across two seasons. These data matrices were used to group samples that shared similar community patterns using nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis. We concluded that while chemical characterization could provide some differentiation between soils, microbial metagenome profiling was better able to discriminate between the soil types and had a high degree of reproducibility, therefore proving to be a potential tool for forensic soil comparisons.     

Drugs in motorists traveling Swedish roads: on-the-road-detection of intoxicated drivers and screening for drugs in these offenders

This paper deals with the police officer's or police doctor's ability to find drivers under the influence of drugs. We have also studied whether the protocol on the driver's previous histories of drug intake is useful for directing the chemist in his analytical approach to revealing intoxicants in the suspects' body fluids. A comprehensive procedure for screening traffic-hazardous drugs in the urine was found necessary and is described. By using this method, we have studied the incidence of drunken drivers with detectable medicinal or illicit agents. The results demonstrate that 91% of those drivers found by the officer or doctor of the police to be on intoxicants other than ethanol, carried some kind of traffic-hazardous drug in their body fluids, and that the doctor was a better judge than the police in identifying these offenders. By using a series of chemical methods for drug screening, we found that every third driver suspected of drunken driving due to ethanol, but not to other intoxicants, held some kind of a traffic-hazardous drug substance in his urine; benzodiazepines and cannabinoids were the most common findings. The data imply that 34% of these suspects revealed their intakes of traffic-dangerous intoxicants. We conclude that the judgements of both the officer and doctor of the police are needed for an efficacious detection of drivers under the influence of drugs. Moreover, the results infer that the chemist has to screen for intoxicants to reveal these in a suspect driver. We also conclude that drugs, particularly the benzodiazepines or cannabinoids, may be commonly encountered in drunken drivers, suspected of being inebriated by ethanol but no other toxicants.     

广东冰毒等精神类毒品犯罪的犯罪场域分析

近五年来广东冰毒等新型精神类毒品犯罪发生了新变化,如何解释这一阶段性变化,合理预测广东此类犯罪的发展趋势,进而提出相关对策,其理论与实践意义颇大。借助犯罪场与市场犯罪的理论框架,解读广东经验,无疑会加深我国与此类犯罪作斗争的长期性认识。     

Advances in Offender Profiling: A Systematic Review of the Profiling Literature Published Over the Past Three Decades

Despite the immense popularity of offender profiling as both a topic of fascination for the general public as well as an academic field of study, concerns have been raised about the development of this area of scientific inquiry. The present study provides a preliminary step towards moving the field forward as it reviews the type and quality of studies dealing with offender profiling over the past 31 years. Based on a content analysis of 132 published articles, the review indicates that researchers investigating this phenomenon rarely publish multiple articles, and they are generally reported across many different journals, thereby making knowledge synthesis and knowledge transfer problematic. In addition, the majority of papers published in the area are discussion pieces (e.g., discussing what profiling is, how profiles are constructed, and when profiling is useful), despite the fact that the processes underlying offender profiling are still not well understood. Finally, although peer-reviewed articles exploring this topic have steadily increased, the statistical sophistication of these studies is sorely lacking, with most including no statistics or formal analyses of data. Suggestions for future research and recommendations to streamline efforts in this field are provided based on the results of this review.

禁毒社会工作专业建设思考

通过分析禁毒社会工作的现状,提出培养禁毒社会工作人才的措施:进行社会工作的宣传,扩大社会认知度;政策支持;准确定位禁毒社会工作专业人才培养的目标与能力体系;专业课程设置的创新;做好社会工作实习基地建设;提升师资专业水平,增强执教信心;积极编写教材,实现"本土化"等措施来加快社会工作专业建设。     

公安学学科下设禁毒学二级学科目录

培养业务精素质高的专门的禁毒警察队伍,是公安本科院校义不容辞的责任,建立专业的禁毒教学科研队伍,发展禁毒学科是培养禁毒专业队伍必不可少的基础条件。禁毒学学科的建设具有独立性,禁毒学学科的设立具有基础性,禁毒学学科发展具有不可替代性,并且禁毒学学科建设已具备完整体系。