刑事诉讼专家辅助人制度的解读与完善

2012年新修正的《刑事诉讼法》中规定的专家辅助人制度,与两大法系国家的专家证人及技术顾问存在着明显差异,其基本功能在于协助控辩双方质证鉴定意见,因而在庭审中专家辅助人是当事人的助手,表现为诉讼地位的非中立性。为保障专家辅助人制度的贯彻实施,应当通过法律的进一步细化对专家辅助人的出庭申请、决定以及救济等相关程序加以明确和完善。     

再论如何正确应用DNA证据

以英美法系和我国司法实践中鉴定人角色差异为视野,深入探讨DNA证据应用领域中的三个经典命题的推导主体,明确鉴定人在DNA证据应用中的职责权限,避免DNA证据被错误解读和应用,并尝试以证据的相关性、可采性和证明力为基础,探讨我国司法实践中DNA证据正确应用的途径.     

我国专家辅助人制度创新的实用主义及立法的模糊立场——基于司法实践的一种理论展开

专家辅助人作为源于司法实践的创新制度,历经了最高人民法院规范性文件的认可以及法律上的确认,逐渐成长为一项正式的诉讼制度。然因司法机关相关答复、解释的误释与误导,不仅理论上难以自洽,而且司法实践中也各行其是,以至于影响了该制度的规范性运行。2012年修改的《刑事诉讼法》和《民事诉讼法》对此的规定又因其模糊的立场再度导致司法实践对其与专家证人关系纠缠不清,应当从理论上澄清立法的模糊立场、摆脱司法实践的非制度化扩张,避免对专家证人的盲目效仿,同时还应厘清专家辅助人的中国模式。     

专家证据评判标准的演进思考

专家证据以其“意见性”和“科学性”吸引了法庭基于维护事实认定独立性忧虑的可采性标准的研究。这一研究对象以实行对抗制庭审模式,存在大量相关证据判例的美国证据规则最具典型性,通过对弗赖伊案、多伯特案以及《联邦证据规则》相关条款的解读、分析及其演进脉络的疏理和反思,探讨蕴含在美国专家证据可采性标准变化规律中的理性因素和思辨精神。对比我国鉴定意见在适用现状和理论研究中的不足,反思我国缺乏鉴定意见科学性评判标准的问题本质,推动相关研究。     

论声纹鉴定意见的表述形式

本文针对目前国内外讨论比较热烈的声纹鉴定意见表述问题进行了评述.首先介绍了实践中正在使用的听觉分析法、声谱比对分析法、声学分析法、听觉-声学分析法和说话人自动识别五种鉴定方法,指出了各种方法的优缺点;然后对现存的二元判决、可能性等级、似然比和英国立场声明四种鉴定意见表述形式进行了介绍和评析,通过分析发现,上述四种意见表述形式都存在一定的问题,实践中选择何种形式表述鉴定意见要综合考虑其科学性、逻辑性、现实性和可行性等多种价值选项;最后认为解决该问题的根本方法是各相关领域的专家应加强在鉴定方法上的合作性的基础研究.     

Heroin addictions in Italians: Evaluation of OPRM1 genetic variants by case–control association study

The opportunities to analyse the genetic variations related to the risk of addiction are of interest to forensics, who beside their involvement in drugs-related fatalities may also be required to assess driving and working ability as well as permanent invalidity due to drugs-related conditions. Several genetic variants have been shown to be associated with heroin addiction. The most investigated gene is OPMR1 that encode the μ-opioid receptor. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of genetics variants in OPRM1 to the susceptibility to addiction.     

Strangers and Others: From Deconstruction to Hermeneutics

Abstract

It is not clear that "cultural recognition" should be a central goal of leftist politics. The idea that cultures have value simply by virtue of being cultures seems absurd, so it might be better to talk simply about eliminating prejudice and stigmatisation.     

Adorno's Contemplative Ethics

Abstract

This paper argues that there is an ethics of contemplation that is internal to Adorno's critique of modern functionalised and administered societies. It is argued here that ‘contemplation’ is Adorno's name for a praxis by which one is open to the other, and yet can let the other be. Adorno sees a kernel of experience in such contemplative practices, which, although increasingly being stripped bare by the modern world, is the basis for its possible critique.     

Claims to the Past. A Critical View of the Arguments Driving Repatriation of Cultural Heritage and Their Role in Contemporary Identity Politics

Abstract

This article explores the role that the worldwide movement of repatriation of human remains and cultural heritage—from museums and other institutions to minorities and indigenous populations—plays in contemporary identity politics. Beyond the obvious positive outcomes of this process, including a significant democratization of the field of archaeology, the repatriation movement poses challenges, mainly because it relies on concepts such as past–present continuity that are sometimes subtly, sometimes not so subtly, problematic for legitimizing group identities and group claims to cultural heritage and human remains. It is argued that while archaeologists and anthropologists must continue to support the idea of increasing democratization of interpreting the past, they must also maintain the right to remain critical to all claims of the past by any particular group.     

关于追缴犯罪所得的国际司法合作问题研究

作者根据我国目前在追缴犯罪所得方面国际司法合作的实践,列举了五个急需通过国内立法或者国际协议加以解决的问题,即:⑴如何根据外国的刑事司法协助请求对银行帐户资金实行扣划或者对有关的不动产实行处置;⑵如何在有关的追缴和返还合作中切实保护善意第三人和潜在权利人的合法权益;⑶如何在案犯外逃的情况下决定对属于犯罪所得的财产予以追缴和没收;⑷如何合理确定追缴程序中的举证责任;⑸如何处理发生在追缴合作中的费用补偿和收益分享问题。文章对外国的有关法律制度以及国际条约的相关规定进行了介绍和比较研究,在此基础上,就上述问题的解决提出如下建议:完善我国刑事诉讼中对赃款赃物的“简易处置”制度,增加配套的法院裁决程序;在我国建立承认与执行外国刑事罚没裁决的司法审查制度;在特定情况下将附带民事诉讼程序前移,并在条件成熟时设立独立的财产没收程序;变通现行的证据制度,要求特定案件中的财物持有人或者关系人承担关于合法来源或者善意享有的证明责任;本着互惠和务实的精神处理被追缴财物的国际分享问题,建立专门的基金组织将分享的资金转换为开展有关国际合作的资源。