老挝禁毒政策的历史演变

老挝在长达200余年的毒品种植历史上,其禁毒政策亦随着政治、经济因素的变动而经历了缺失时期、初步制定与忽视时期、重视与完善时期三个不同历史时期的演变,而经济因素始终左右着老挝禁毒政策的制定与实行。     

论分裂主义与国家承认

对国家承认问题的研究是国际关系学界容易忽视的研究领域。近年来,随着世界分裂主义的发展甚嚣尘上,围绕对分裂实体的国家承认所引发的矛盾和冲突也更为激烈,因此研究分裂主义与国际承认之间的关系便十分必要。国际政治中的国家承认是指各国将某个政治行为体确认和接纳为新的主权国家。虽然国际法确认了国家承认的基本原则,但是各承认国主要基于自身的利益来考量对新成员特别是分裂实体的国家承认,这不可避免地导致了国家承认实践中的差异与纷争。正因如此,对面临分裂主义挑战的国家来说,在反分裂斗争中有必要制定和实施"反承认战略",以遏制分裂主义的图谋。当然,对于分裂主义应对而言,问题发展到"建国"的阶段其实已十分严峻,相关国家更应该注重这一阶段之前的治理工作,如遏制分裂势力的发展、寻求实现政治和解、防范外部势力的介入等。     

专家参与刑事司法的多元功能及其体系化

从1979年刑事诉讼法颁布至今,专家参与我国刑事司法的制度功能变得开放而多元。专家制度功能的多元化,根源于刑事司法的三重逻辑:弥合法律人与专家之间知识鸿沟的“认知逻辑”;落实公检法机关“分工负责,互相配合,互相制约”原则的“权力逻辑”;保障当事人合法权益与实现控辩平等的“权利逻辑”。从结构主义与整体主义的视角看,当前,刑事专家制度存在明显的体系化缺陷,主要表现为专家制度过度权力化、专家制度功能尚未结构化、专家制度不够规范化。改进刑事专家制度,应当采取体系化路径:首先,将多元专家参与模式调整为鉴定人与专家辅助人二元专家模式;其次,彰显专家制度的“权利逻辑”,矫正过度权力化倾向;最后,构建系统化的专家制度,为专家服务刑事司法创造制度条件。     

中国戒毒体制的演变历程和模式比较

中国禁吸戒毒工作历史可圈可点,自清朝雍正时期颁布世界上第一个禁烟诏令开始,中国的禁毒立法和禁吸戒毒工作历经了清朝、民国、新中国成立之初和改革开放至今几个演变发展时期,戒毒模式也在不断完善。本文对中国几个不同历史时期的戒毒工作进行了梳理,更加凸显出中国现行戒毒体制的特点和优势。提出进一步探寻完善《禁毒法》中戒毒体制的方法和思路。     

规避执行法律识别机制的探索与构建——以类型化模式分析为基础

建立可操作的规避执行行为识别机制是目前突破执行规避、破解执行僵局的首要任务。类型化模式是分析建立规避执行行为识别机制的有效路径,规避执行可以分为主体规避、财产规避、滥用法定程序规避、其他规避等四种类型。在类型化模式的基础上分别梳理出可操作的判断标准和适用程序,并进行有效的责任追究,是破解规避执行行为的理想方式。     

导致法医临床学鉴定结论偏差的原因

随着法制建设的日臻完善和人民群众法制意识的不断增强,法医活体检验方面存在的问题越来越多地被暴露出来,从而使法医临床学鉴定的科学性和公信度大打折扣,使法医鉴定工作陷入尴尬境地。     

On the political and democratic preconditions of equal recognition

Alan Patten’s Equal Recognition is a compelling justification of a liberal, procedural conception of recognition. This conception is built upon a convincing conception of moral equality, but it does not offer a full theoretical discussion of recognition. I argue that the liberal recognition provided by Patten is too formal and narrow to address all relevant issues regarding conflicts of recognition in democratic societies. In particular, it does not consider the political and democratic preconditions that should be granted to minority groups or immigrants in order to provide them fair opportunities to effectively (and not only formally) reach equal recognition.     

International Transitional Administrations and the Politics of Authority Building

This article critically examines authority-building practices of international transitional administrations (ITAs) engaged in statebuilding, and evaluates authority building as a framework for understanding the practices of statebuilding operations. It argues that war-torn states rarely lack actors claiming authority, but that these claims are often competing and mutually exclusive, and frequently not widely recognized. Building authority, therefore, requires ITAs to choose between different actors, recognizing the authority claims of some and withholding recognition from others, seeking ways to strengthen their ability to justify their authority claims vis-à-vis domestic and international audiences. Through authority-building practices, external actors directly become part of the political competition and dynamics of war-affected societies. The discussion of authority building by ITAs proceeds in three steps. The first section outlines the concept of political authority, in particular in the context of fragile states and of ITAs, and discusses relevant methodological issues. The second section then examines three distinct aspects of authority building by ITAs: claiming and justifying their own authority, recognizing and validating the authority claims of local actors, and strengthening the capacity of local actors to justify their authority claims. The final section concludes the paper with some reflections on political authority and authority building.     

人工智能时代精准人才管理探析

人才是组织获得长远发展的第一资源。随着人工智能时代的到来,如何运用人工智能技术对人才进行精准化地选、用、育、留、储,是组织探索解决人才管理瓶颈的关键。研究从人工智能时代精准人才管理的挑战与机遇入手,指出基于"合不合"理论以构建智能化精准人才管理系统,并探讨了"AI人才管理专家系统"的具体运用情况,以期为各类组织进行精准人才管理提供帮助。     

Governance and disorder: neoliberalism and violent change in Jamaica

Structural adjustment policies (SAPs) facilitate the hollowing out of the traditional roles performed by states. As a consequence, private entities (some perverse) offer services the state is incapable of or unwilling to provide. Beginning in the 1980s, SAPs plunged neighbourhoods in Latin America and the Caribbean into socioeconomic, and political disorder. This paper assesses the relationship between neoliberal reforms to the Jamaican state and the metamorphosis of violence since the mid-1980s. Neoliberalism transformed violence in Jamaica by increasing inter-gang conflicts, shootings and gang-related murders in Kingston’s garrisons. It also transformed political enforcers into community dons who use violence as a tool for business transactions in the international drug trade, and as a method of gaining local respect and authority.