Post-Release Substance Abuse Treatment for Criminal Offenders: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

This study conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of Delaware's CREST Outreach Center, a work release therapeutic community (TC) and aftercare program for criminal offenders. Treatment effectiveness was assessed using the number of days reincarcerated during an 18-month, post-release follow-up period. The 6-month CREST program cost $1937 for the average participant, and led to 30 fewer days incarcerated (29% less) than the average participant in a standard work release program. This implies that the CREST program reduced incarceration for criminal offenders at an average cost of $65 per day. The additional investment of $935 per client to provide aftercare services led to 49 fewer days incarcerated (43% less) than CREST work release-only participants. This suggests that by adding an aftercare component to the CREST work release program, a day of incarceration is avoided at an average cost of $19 per day. These findings have implications for future investments in post-release substance abuse treatment for criminal offenders. However, the results must be interpreted with caution given potential selection bias in the groups that participated in the CREST work release and aftercare programs. Selection bias and the policy implications of this research are noted and discussed.     

论医疗事故罪中“严重损害就诊人身体健康”之认定

认定医疗事故罪"严重损害就诊人身体健康"的具体内涵应遵循医学依据而非刑法学依据,同时应把握"二维"标准首先,是<条例>和新<标准>中的一级乙等和二、三级医疗事故;其次,事故参与度必须在50%以上(不含50%).     

当前我国强制戒毒工作存在的问题及对策

当前我国面临的禁毒斗争形势依然十分严峻,一个庞大的吸毒群体给禁吸强戒工作提出了新的挑战,也成为禁吸强戒工作的紧迫任务。但在我国强制戒毒工作中还存在一些问题,如《强制戒毒办法》中的某些缺陷,戒毒所警力配备、经费、戒毒科研等问题。解决好这些问题,是禁吸戒毒工作的重要任务。     

Change in Self-Esteem and Physical Aggression During Treatment for Partner Violent Men

The role of low self-esteem in aggressive behavior has been questioned by theorists who claim that inflated, rather than deflated, self-esteem is associated with violence, and that societal efforts to increase self-esteem may actually increase, rather than decrease, violent behavior. This conjecture was tested in two treatment samples of partner violent men, one (n = 61) that received a behavioral intervention, and one (n = 107) that received a workshop program designed to enhance compassion for self and others. Both samples reported significant reductions in relationship violence perpetration and significant increases in self-esteem from pre- to post-treatment. In both samples, change in self-esteem was inversely correlated with change in physical aggression. Follow-up data from victims were available for one of the samples, and revealed that self-esteem and its enhancement during treatment did not significantly predict relationship violence during the year after treatment. These results indicate that self-esteem enhancement during treatment for partner violent men is correlated with violence reduction, and does not increase the risk for subsequent relationship aggression.     

The positive effects of cognitive–behavioral programs for offenders: A meta-analysis of factors associated with effective treatment

A meta-analysis of 58 experimental and quasi-experimental studies of the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the recidivism of adult and juvenile offenders confirmed prior positive findings and explored a range of potential moderators to identify factors associated with variation in treatment effects. With method variables controlled, the factors independently associated with larger recidivism reductions were treatment of higher risk offenders, high quality treatment implementation, and a CBT program that included anger control and interpersonal problem solving but not victim impact or behavior modification components. With these factors accounted for, there was no difference in the effectiveness of different brand name CBT programs or generic forms of CBT.

吸毒及其相关概念论要

目前全世界有 2亿多人在吸毒 ,截止 2 0 0 1年底 ,中国登记在册吸毒人已达 90 1万人。吸毒以其突出的社会危害性受到当今世界各国及国际社会的共同关注 ,治理吸毒问题是我国禁毒工作的首要任务之一。然而 ,我国对“禁吸”的基础理论研究相对薄弱。本文对吸毒及其相关概念进行初步研究 ,旨在为治理吸毒问题构建必要的理论基础提供参考。     

BREAKING THE CYCLE OF DRUGS AND CRIME: FINDINGS FROM THE BIRMINGHAM BTC DEMONSTRATION

Research Summary: We compared 137 felony defendants arrested before the implementation of Breaking the Cycle, a pretrial intervention with felony defendants that included drug testing, supervision, and drug treatment as needed, to 245 BTC participants. We found Significant lower rates of arrest and self-reported drug use and crime among BTC participants during the next year.
Policy Implications: Systematic intervention aimed at all drug-involved felony defendants, not just selected defendants, is effective, but may encounter substantial challenges in achieving collaboration across criminal justice agencies, services providers, and levels/branches of government.     

台湾地区毒品戒治与再犯之研究（节选）

反毒、禁毒的刑事政策归纳其中不外“断绝供给、减少需求”也就是“缉毒、戒毒、拒毒”等三大重点。目前 ,台湾地区参与戒毒工作的有医疗、宗教、矫正机关及观护等四大体系。《毒品危害防制条例》于 1998年 5月 2 2日公告施行以来 ,“缉毒”与“拒毒”已有成效 ,使得药物、毒品滥用之情形获得控制 ,毒品犯占整体犯罪人口之比例减缓增长 ,但“戒毒”却无进展。可见戒治与计划之成效有待加以检讨 ,以达到对毒品及药物成瘾者累犯、再犯严重情形之有效控制。     

对我国实施国民待遇原则的几点思考

世界贸易组织的基本原则是国民待遇原则。这就要求我国必须对现有的非国民待遇状况进行一定的调整,以适应和遵循世界贸易组织的基本规则,进一步扩大对外贸易和利用外资。     

"国民待遇"是大连市发展民营经济的关键

民营经济是国民经济的一支活跃力量,是新的经济增长点.本文在法律法规、市场准入、信用融资、技术创新、资产重组等方面,阐述了民营经济的国民待遇问题.