“Victim Refuses to Cooperate”: A Focal Concerns Analysis of Victim Cooperation in Sexual Assault Cases

Research suggests that victim cooperation is a strong predictor of arrest and prosecution in sexual assault cases. Relatively little research has focused on identifying the factors that shape the decision to cooperate and the research that does exist is largely atheoretical. We address these gaps by examining victim cooperation using a revised version of the focal concerns perspective. We use data on cases reported to law enforcement agencies in Los Angeles to estimate models using factors situated within three victim focal concerns—crime seriousness, costs of cooperation, and likelihood of conviction—for three stages of the case process. We supplement these results with qualitative data from police reports regarding the reasons why victims refused to cooperate. The findings of this study provide initial support for the theoretical development of victim cooperation using the focal concerns perspective and provide potential guidance to criminal justice practitioners on how to increase victim cooperation.     

Study in blue: trauma,affect, event

As contemporary student activists in the United States embrace a vocabulary of trauma and microaggressions, some critics on the left consider this a depoliticizing move symptomatic of the university’s growing thralldom to neoliberalism. The author argues that such criticism neglects how talk of trauma and microaggressions attempts to affectively manage structural violence’s failure to manifest in the form of discrete, identifiable, and extraordinary events. To illustrate this, she turns to the poetry of Claudia Rankine and the performance art of Emma Sulkowicz as aesthetic treatments of racial microaggression and sexual trauma, respectively. Rankine’s and Sulkowicz’s works belong to an emergent genre the author calls the coincidence report, in which subjects with no proof of structural violence except for their own feelings must cope with what happens when an event doesn’t. Ultimately, both artists sideline attempts to reconstruct the event in favor of redistributing specific affects throughout their respective publics. In both cases, these affects are blue – that is, depressive (Rankine) and obscene (Sulkowicz). Subjects in the blue find themselves ambivalently attached to living politically in the shadow of an event even as they detach from the fantasy that political life is less disappointing, depressing, or deflating than it actually is.     

Food insecurity and ART adherence in Swaziland: the case for coordinated faith-based and multi-sectoral action

ABSTRACT

Faith-based organisations (FBOs) have long been involved in HIV and AIDS impact mitigation and humanitarian relief, but most are not equipped to intervene in the structural drivers of food insecurity and attendant health inequities. Acknowledging limitations is as paramount a task for organisational effectiveness as maximising strengths. This article reports findings from a study of HIV-positive care supporters who volunteer with a church-run home-based care organisation in Swaziland. The article seeks to assess the impact of chronic food insecurity on antiretroviral adherence practices and how these individuals manage daily food shortages. Findings highlight the limited capacities of FBOs in highly vulnerable settings and the imperative for international and governmental coordination.     

From rhetoric to reality: an NGO’s challenge for reaching the furthest behind

The guiding principle of Agenda 2030 is the commitment to “leave no one behind”. However, as the Millennium Development Goals experience has demonstrated, there remains a “rhetoric-implementation gap” where local stakeholders struggle to realistically respond to policies formulated at the global level. This article proposes a way forward for NGOs seeking to translate the rhetoric of Agenda 2030 into reality. It presents an integrated and multi-sectoral approach to meet the challenges of an NGO working to ameliorate the basic needs of women who are affected by HIV/AIDS and limited WaSH provisions in the impoverished rural community of Lyantonde, Uganda.     

色情文化与性犯罪

色情文化是性文化的消极部分,属低级下流的性文化,具有腐朽性、淫秽性、欺骗性、反文化性的特征。色情文化是诱发性犯罪的“精神艾滋病”,这既有大量事实证明,也有学理上的依据。这种文化能极大地强化人的性本能的动物化,包括强化性欲求,激发性冲动,造成性变态和提供性行为模式;弱化人的控制犯罪的文化性,包括弱化性行为评价,无视性道德控制,破坏性文化发展取向,所以,要控制性犯罪发展,必须遏制色情文化泛滥。     

性骚扰侵权责任探究

性骚扰是指违背当事人的意愿,采用包括语言和动作在内的一切与性有关的挑逗、侵犯和侮辱等方式,造成他人生理、心理损害或精神紧张的行为。它侵害的是受害人的性尊严权,具有严重的危害性。对于这种侵权行为,受害人可依法主张侵权人承担侵权责任。性骚扰侵权责任的承担方式有：停止侵害;赔礼道歉;赔偿损失,包括物质损害赔偿、精神损害赔偿、惩罚性损害赔偿。     

Cuban Anti‐slavery Narrative through Postcolonial Eyes: Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda’s Sab

Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda’s Sab (1841) has come to be regarded as an iconic work in the canon of nineteenth‐century Cuban fiction, celebrated as much for its literary pedigree as for its radical combination of anti‐slavery and feminist ideas. Yet it has been the subject of very divergent critical appraisals. This essay sets out to breathe new life into Avellaneda’s novel by interpreting it through a postcolonial optic. Drawing on ideas from the scholarship of Edward Said and Frantz Fanon, as well as the ideas of literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin, these pages explore the implications of its nationalist, racial, sexual and feminist politics for Sab’s anti‐slavery meaning. This postcolonial reading provides a possible solution for the conflicts between its various interpretations.     

论防治职场性骚扰的义务主体

文章针对防治职场性骚扰的现实需求,论述了国家和用人单位作为义务主体应当履行的职责及其依据。基于国际公约和中国法律的相关规定,国家有防治职场性骚扰的义务,应由各职能部门分别承担完善立法、加强司法和执法等任务,使现行原则性规范具体化,不仅具有可操作性,而且具有威慑力。尤其要借鉴外国和港、台的经验,明确用人单位防治职场性骚扰的义务和责任。     

构建和谐性别文化对和谐文化的丰富和发展

和谐文化催生和谐性别文化的发展。和谐性别文化与和谐文化是一种相互联系、相互促进的辩证关系。和谐文化的提出,为性别文化赋予了新的内容;和谐性别文化的发展,又能够有力地促进和谐文化的建设。和谐的性别文化具有主导性、本土性、现代性和动态性的特征。构建和谐的性别文化需要坚持以马克思主义妇女观为指导、以性别平等为前提、区别对待、博采众长等原则,建设反映和谐性别关系的制度文化,充分发挥大众传媒的正面引导作用,强化女性自身的主体性意识,注重发挥妇女组织在和谐性别文化建设中的监测和宣传功能。