中美食品安全风险规制体系的比较分析

应通过设置全国统一的食品安全规制机构以及允许受害人对规制主体的规制失职提起行政诉讼等方式,完善我国的食品安全风险规制机制。     

Understanding the Association Between Maltreatment History and Adolescent Risk Behavior by Examining Popularity Motivations and Peer Group Control

The purpose of the present study was to examine how peer group processes of pressure and control and individual motivations for popularity would add to, and moderate the relationship between, childhood maltreatment and risky behavior in adolescence. A total of 1558 youth (804 girls) from three high schools in Ontario, Canada (M age = 15.02 years, SD = .86) reported on their alcohol use, delinquent behavior, childhood experiences of physical and emotional maltreatment and neglect, peer group processes involving control and individual popularity motivations. Regression analyses showed that, beyond the significant contributions of childhood maltreatment, peer group control predicted risky alcohol use and delinquent behavior. Peer group control and popularity motivations exacerbated the negative effect of physical maltreatment on delinquent behavior. Boys’ experiences of peer group control were more strongly linked to alcohol use and delinquent behavior than girls’. These results suggest that there is a significant window of opportunity during adolescence where the peer group context can exacerbate or buffer childhood experiences.

Multilevel Modeling of Direct Effects and Interactions of Peers,Parents, School,and Community Influences on Adolescent Substance Use

This study tested a social-ecological model of adolescent substance use. Multilevel modeling was used to investigate how systems, such as parents, peers, schools, and communities, directly influence and interact together to influence adolescent substance use. Participants included 14,548 (50.3% female) middle school students who were 78.6% White, 5.4% Biracial, 4.8% Asian, 4.8% Black, and 3.6% Hispanic. Participants completed a survey with scales assessing substance use, peer influences, parental influences, and characteristics of their school and community. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to consider the variation of parental and peer influences on substance use and how schools and communities relate to both substance use and the relationship between substance use and peer and parental factors. Results indicated that a positive school climate and a positive sense of community were associated with less adolescent substance use and that a positive sense of community moderated the relation between peer and parental influence on adolescent substance use, thereby acting as a protective factor.

The Role of Religion in the Transition to Adulthood for Young Emerging Adults

Recent research has highlighted the role of culture in emerging adulthood (age between 18 and 25 years). However, most studies have examined majority cultures (e.g., China) as well as subcultures (e.g., American ethnic minorities). Thus, work on other aspects of culture such as religion is needed given the emerging evidence that it may have an impact on development. This study explored the role of religious culture in the emerging adulthood of college students. Participants were 445 undergraduates (ages 18–20 years) from institutions that were Catholic (31 males, 89 females), Mormon (48 males, 200 females), and public (21 males, 56 females). Results found religious differences in (a) the criteria young people deemed necessary for adulthood, (b) the extent to which emerging adults felt they had achieved these criteria, (c) various aspects of spirituality including practices and beliefs, and (d) the behaviors in which emerging adults engage.Portions of this study were presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Adolescence, Baltimore, Maryland, in March 2004.Assistant Professor of Psychology at Loyola College in Maryland. She received her PhD in 2001 from the University of Maryland, College Park. Her major research interests are in social-and self-development during adolescence and emerging adulthood.Assistant Professor of Marriage, Family, and Human Development in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. He received his PhD in 2000 from the University of Maryland, College Park. His major research interests are in social-and self-development during early childhood and emerging adulthood.     

基于先天运气禀赋探究多囊卵巢综合征的发病规律

目的 基于五运六气理论,探究先天运气禀赋对多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS）发病规律的影响。方法 收集2 737例患者的出生日期,分析其出生时的五运六气分布特点。结果 PCOS患者出生时的天干、岁运及主气、客气分布具有一定的差异性：天干为己,岁运为金,主气为少阴君火,客气为太阴湿土者,最易罹患本病。PCOS发病有基于五运的5年周期变动趋势（r=0.648）,以及基于主客气的3年周期变动趋势（主气：r=0.158;客气：r=0.664）。本病的发生与出生年份的运气相合特点密切相关,出生于岁会年、同岁会年、顺化年、平气年者易罹患本病。结论 PCOS的发病与出生时的五运六气分布特点可能有一定关系。     

美国“不首先使用核武器”政策建议：缘起与演进

“不首先使用核武器”政策是指有核国将核武器的作用严格限定在核威慑上,公开宣布放弃首先使用核武器,核武器仅用作核报复(核反击)。从冷战开始至今,美国国内一直在从理论上探讨“不首先使用核武器”问题。支持者与反对者从现实主义、自由主义和建构主义的角度提出各自的理由。美国政府内部也一直都有采取“不首先使用核武器”政策的建议,但美国却始终未能正式采纳并宣布这一政策。阻碍美国政府采纳这一政策建议的因素长期存在,包括思维方式的桎梏、政治工具的局限性、核作战战略准备的内在矛盾和盟国持续施加的压力等。鉴于目前的安全环境,在可预见的未来,美国都不大可能正式宣布采取“不首先使用核武器”政策。尽管如此,由于“不首先使用核武器”政策表达出大国避免核战争、保持战略稳定的意愿,同时有利于回应广大无核国的安全诉求,避免误判和危机,增进战略互信,维持全球和平与战略稳定,维护人类社会共同福祉,该政策建议仍会继续影响美国政府在相关领域的决策进程。     

企业、高管及员工三方视角的和谐劳动关系影响因素实证研究—— 基于广东省国家级和谐劳动关系综合实验区的调查

研究选取广东省佛山市顺德区国家级和谐劳动关系综合试验区 162 家制造业企业为样本 , 分别从企业、高管和员工三个层面来研究和谐劳动关系的影响因素。研究结果表明：企业管理规章制度不健全、民主管理及民主制度化建设不足、解决劳动争议方式过于集中和单一、内部沟通渠道不够畅通是当前劳动关系存在的主要问题。而劳动合同、薪酬水平、企业组织投诉受理、安全保护、劳动行政部门投诉受理、劳动环境等 6个影响因素对和谐劳动关系有显着影响。据此,提出了提高劳动合同质量、改善工作环境、进一步提高员工待遇、畅通员工诉求渠道、加强劳动争议调解网络体系建设、充分发挥党群组织和工会的作用、发挥社会组织的作用等改善劳动关系的具体建议。     

福建省老年人再就业现状与对策研究

随着老龄化社会的到来,如何实现人口二次红利,对个人和社会都具有重要意义.研究通过对福建省9个地市586个有效样本的描述性统计,对福建省老年人再就业的状况及影响因素进行了研究.结果显示:福建省老年人的再就业处于较低水平,且城乡差距较大、职业分布不平衡,老年人再就业不仅受到老年人及其家人观念的影响,也受限于求职渠道和权益保...     

“泛安全化”倾向与东亚军备安全风险

伴随着世界格局的更迭与国际形势的变化,安全问题在国家间交往中被关注的程度愈益加深,新的地缘环境和国际背景催生了“泛安全化”倾向。近年来,以地缘热点问题为中心,东亚地缘环境发生了一系列的新变化,南海问题博弈加剧、朝鲜半岛安全威胁增大、域内领土争端难以解决、日本政治军事大国战略提速、台海两岸关系微妙紧张起来、域外国家频繁插手东亚事务等,致使整个东亚地区在传统安全和非传统安全领域呈现“泛安全化”的不良倾向。这种状况在影响东亚地缘格局走势的同时,也给该地区带来了多层次、多领域的地缘安全风险,并触及敏感的军备安全问题。从东亚地区具有代表性国家的军费及防务支出占国内生产总值的比重来看,目前东亚部分国家军备发展状况相对合理。不过,由于域内复杂多样化的不确定因素、域外势力介入的不可测性以及东亚军备安全的整体庞杂和结构复杂的突出状况,致使整个地区的军备安全前景面临着多种可能性。东亚国家应开展“去安全化”的新型地区合作,推动建立地区性的军备安全风险管控机制,构建新型军备发展与军备安全关系,共同增进东亚地区的安全与和平。     

劳动关系的治理经验与风险防控——基于福建省调查样本的探析

当前,世界正经历百年未有之大变局,也给劳动关系的和谐稳定带来了一定的风险,因此,对劳动关系的风险防控变得尤为重要。本研究以福建省为样本,从监测预警、帮扶机制、联动制度等方面总结劳动关系治理的经验,并运用维权劳动者的相关数据剖析劳动关系治理在主体能力、预警机制、信息沟通等方面存在的风险。在此基础上,研究提出劳动关系风险防控的建议：提升劳动关系治理主体的防控能力,完善劳动关系风险防控的预警机制,加强劳动关系风险防控的企业监测。