A Comparison of DNA Extraction Using AutoMate Express™ and EZ1 Advanced XL from Liquid Blood,Bloodstains, and Semen Stains

In this study, DNA was extracted using an AutoMate Express? and an EZ1 Advanced XL from liquid blood, fresh and aged bloodstains, and fresh and aged semen stains. Extracted DNA was quantified by real‐time PCR using the D17Z1 locus. Short tandem repeat typing was performed using an AmpF?STR^® Identifiler kit. The yields of DNA obtained by the AutoMate Express? were higher from fresh bloodstains and fresh semen stains, almost the same from aged bloodstains and aged semen stains, but slightly lower from liquid blood compared with those obtained by the EZ1 Advanced XL. The addition of dithiothreitol or the use of PrepFiler? lysis buffer improved the EZ1 Advanced XL results from fresh bloodstains, but not for liquid blood and aged bloodstains. Our results demonstrated that the PrepFiler? lysis buffer is the main contributor to the higher DNA yields of the AutoM ate Express? for fresh bloodstains.     

多元文化视阈下大学生先进典型培育的价值意蕴

大学生先进典型是大学生群体的优秀代表,是传统美德、时代精神和社会主义核心价值观的集中体现,是大学生学习借鉴的楷模。多元文化时代,大学生价值取向呈现个性化、易变化、物质化、功利化等多样性特点,大学生先进典型的影响力日渐式微。高校理应充分认识大学生先进典型的培育对大学生成长成才的导向、示范和激励等价值,狠抓大学生先进典型的选树、培养和宣传工作,以期形成大学生学习先进典型、争当先进典型的浓厚校园文化氛围。     

Avian influenza, ‘viral sovereignty’, and the politics of health security in Indonesia

Abstract

In December 2006, Indonesian Health Minister, Siti Fadilah Supari, shocked the world when announcing her government would no longer be sharing samples of the H5N1 avian flu virus, collected from Indonesian patients, with the World Health Organization, at a time when global fears of a deadly influenza pandemic were running high. For observers of Southeast Asian politics, the decision reinforced the view of the region as made up of states determined to protect their national sovereignty, at almost all costs. This established view of the region, however, generally neglects the variable and selective manner in which sovereignty has been invoked by Southeast Asian governments, or parts thereof, and fails to identify the conditions shaping the deployment of sovereignty. In this paper, it is argued that Siti's action was designed to harness claims of sovereignty to a domestic political struggle. It was a response to the growing fragmentation and, in some cases, denationalisation of the governance apparatus dealing with public health in Indonesia, along with the ‘securitisation’ of H5N1 internationally. The examination of the virus-sharing dispute demonstrates that in Southeast Asia sovereignty is not so much the ends of government action, but the means utilised by government actors for advancing particular political goals.     

Time-dependent immunohistochemical detection of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in human skin wounds

The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) hold important functions in the early and late courses of inflammation, trauma and wound healing. In the present study, human skin wounds due to sharp force (n=105) were collected during surgery and autopsy. The wound age mainly varied from several minutes to 5 h, some specimens aged up to 6 weeks. Control specimens from uninjured skin were available in each case. After preparation of cryostat sections, immunohistochemistry was performed according to the APAAP technique, using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The results were evaluated semiquantitatively. All markers were weakly expressed in normal human skin constitutively. However, the staining pattern changed significantly in vital wounds concerning epidermal layers, subepidermal cells, vessels and sweat glands. IL-1β and IL-6 showed enhanced expression after 15 and 20 min at the earliest (increase of epidermal reactivity). After 30–60 and 60–90 min, respectively, marked expression was observed with these markers. Similar alterations were detectable with TNF-α after 15 and 60–90 min. The reactivity of all three markers persisted over several hours, then decreased to basal levels again and sometimes reappeared after days and in granulation tissue. Leukocytes reacting with IL-1β and IL-6 appeared after approximately 2 h. Conclusion: proinflammatory cytokines can serve as a useful tool for the estimation of vitality and wound age, in particular in the early post-traumatic interval prior to leukocyte reaction. Autolysis did not play a role in the samples investigated (postmortem interval up to 8 days). Problems could sometimes rise from constitutive expression. Therefore, it is recommended to examine control samples from the same individual and to compare the reactivity with wound specimens.     

正确运用唯物辩证法的光辉典范--学习江泽民同志"七一"重要讲话

江泽民在庆祝建党八十周年大会上的讲话,始终贯穿着唯物辩证法的认识论和方法论:通过辩证分析建党前后两个八十年的历史,揭示了党的历史使命和历史地位、党赖以生存和发展的基础、党永远站在时代前列的根本在于始终实践"三个代表";运用唯物辩证法原理对"三个代表"内涵作科学阐述.     

中国(辽宁地区)汉族人群血清H因子多型性分布的研究

应用超薄层聚丙烯酸胶凝胶等电聚焦电泳结合免疫印迹技术，首次报导中国（辽宁地区）汉族人群血清中H因子遗传多型性的分布。HF的基因频率：HFA=0．4828，HFB=0．5172，按Hardy-Weinberg法则进行吻合度检验，其观察值与期望值一致，并对中国（辽宁地区）与其它人群HF等位基因的差异性做了比较。     

人血痕ORM、Pi、AHSG和GC同步等电聚焦分型

作者在国内外首次建立了血清类粘蛋白、α1－抗胰蛋白酶、α2－HS－糖蛋白和型特异性成份等四种遗传标记同步等电聚焦免疫酶放大分型方法。累计个人识别机率为0．9878，非父排除率为0．6648，是国内外已报道同步电泳分型方法中鉴别能力最高的。本法可对稀释度为1／100的血清进行分型。对于室温保存四周的血痕盯全部正确分型。除Pi外，ORM、AHSG和GC三种遗传标记至少在24周之内皆可正确分型。     

FAM羧基荧光素修饰引物检测D1S80基因座遗传多态性

目的建立用FAM羧基荧光素修饰引物检测DIS80基因座的方法。方法采用5-FAM修饰引物,通过PCR扩增,DNA全自动遗传分析仪进行片段长度分析,检测129名黑龙江汉族无关个体DIS80基因座遗传多态性。结果在所调查的129名黑龙江汉族无关个体样本中,DIS80基因座有21个等位基因,56个基因型,基因频率在0.0039-0.1667之间。杂合度(H)为0.9097,个人识别机率(PD)为0.9691,非父排除概率(PE)为0.8113,多态性信息总量(PIC)为0.8988。群体内基因型频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。结论FAM羧基荧光素修饰引物检测DIS80基因座的方法,简便、灵敏、稳定性好,DIS80基因座用于个体识别及亲权鉴定具有很高的实用价值。