加强刑侦"三基"工程建设提升打击犯罪整体水平

公安部将2006年定为“基层基础建设年”,要求全国公安机关“抓基层、打基础、苦练基本功”,打牢公安事业长远发展的基石,提高公安工作和公安队伍建设的整体水平。如何把握这一机遇,深入开展刑侦“三基”工程建设,真正实现“固本强基”的根本目的,是当前各级公安机关特别是刑侦部门亟待思考和解决的问题。笔者认为抓好刑侦“三基”工程建设,应重点在深化认识上下功夫,切实增强抓刑侦“三基”工程建设的积极性和主动性;在科技强侦上下功夫,不断提高侦查破案的科技含量;在信息导侦上下功夫,努力培育新的破案增长点;在刑侦专业基础上下功夫,增强破案打击的发展后劲;在教育培训上下功夫,努力适应新的执法环境。     

浅谈基层基础建设中应处理好的几个关系

抓好“三基”工程建设,必须与各项公安工作特别是中心工作、重点工作有机结合,相互促进,协调发展。为此,在加强基层基础建设工作中,应正确处理好全局工作、打防建设、科技强警、群防群治、队伍建设等工作之间的关系。     

日本企业高管的薪酬水平及其未向国际高水平靠拢的原因

日本企业员工工资早在20世纪80年代就已经达到世界最高水平的情况下,企业高管年薪一直处于相对较低的水平,并没有向国际高水平靠拢,更没有向美国看齐。这与日本特有的社会意识、传统的经营思想、日本式企业制度、主流经济和民主化改革、法人所有制、没有照搬美国职务工资、董事报酬规程和高管激励机制、政府控制特殊法人CEO年薪、外资企业少以及社会舆论制约等有很大的关系。     

Adolescents’ Educational Outcomes: Racial and Ethnic Variations in Peer Network Importance

Little attention has been paid to the role of peer social capital in the school context, especially as a predictor of adolescents’ academic outcomes. This study uses a nationally representative (N = 13,738, female = 51%), longitudinal sample and multilevel models to examine how peer networks impact educational achievement and attainment. Results reveal that, in addition to those factors typically associated with academic outcomes (e.g., school composition), two individual-level peer network measures, SES and heterogeneity, had significant effects. Although educational attainment was generally worse in low SES schools, for all ethnic groups higher attainment was associated with attending schools with higher concentrations of minority students. At the individual level, however, membership in integrated peer networks was negatively related to high school graduation for Asians, Latinos, and non-Hispanic whites, and to GPA for Asians and Latinos, as only African-American achievement increased in more racially/ethnically heterogeneous peer networks. Our results suggest that co-ethnic and co-racial peer friendship networks should not be viewed as obstacles to the educational accomplishments of today’s youth. In fact, in many cases the opposite was true, as results generally support the ethnic social capital hypothesis while providing little corroboration for oppositional culture theory. Results also suggest that co-racial and co-ethnic ties may mediate the negative effects of school choice, or more specifically of between-school socioeconomic segregation. Consequently, we conclude that school policies aimed at socioeconomic desegregation are likely to beneficially affect the academic outcomes of all race/ethnic groups.

基层民警应正确处理好"三种关系"做贯彻落实"两个最大限度"的践行者

公安工作的一个显著特点就是与人打交道,从一定意义上说,就是处理人与人之间关系的工作。因此,要遵照公安部提出的,在公安工作中要"最大限度地增加和谐因素,最大限度地减少不和谐因素"。要求特别是基层民警应紧紧抓住"三基"工程建设的大好机遇,正确处理好三种关系,把"两个最大限度"的要求落实到实处,以实际行动促进社会的和谐稳定,激发社会的创造力。     

Hurdles to peace: a level-of-analysis approach to resolving Sudan’s civil wars

Why do some peace agreements end armed conflicts whereas others do not? Previous studies have primarily focused on the relation between warring parties and the provisions included in peace agreements. Prominent mediators, however, have emphasised the importance of stakeholders at various levels for the outcome of peace agreements. To match the experience of these negotiators we apply a level-of-analysis approach to examine the contextual circumstances under which peace agreements are concluded. While prominent within the causes of war literature, level-of-analysis approaches are surprisingly scant in research about conflict resolution. This article compares two Sudanese Peace Agreements: the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (2005) that ended the North–South war and led to the independence of South Sudan, and the Darfur Peace Agreement (2006) which failed to end fighting in Darfur. We find that factors at the local, national and international level explain the different outcomes of the two agreements. Hence, the two case studies illustrate the merit of employing a level-of-analysis approach to study the outcome of peace agreements. The main contribution of this article is that it presents a new theoretical framework to understand why some peace agreements terminate armed conflict whereas others do not.     

论侦查假说的三个支点

侦查假说是侦查人员在侦查破案过程中必不可少的思维方式。侦查假说具有多元性、层次性和开放性。侦查实践的终极目标是实现案件的侦破,侦查假说的正确与否决定着侦查工作的成败。侦查实践往往围绕侦查假说展开推理和论证。构建侦查假说,需要在时间层次、空间层次和人物层次之间进行综合考量,形成较完整的有关犯罪假说体系的三个支点。     

氧化还原机制在中医体质研究中的应用

[摘要]氧化还原平衡体现了阴阳平衡思想,氧化还原机制与体质学基本原理及体质三级预防理念有着相似之处,氧化还原机制的多样性研究为体质分类研究提供了切入点。对不同体质的人群进行氧化还原状态检测,一方面可诠释体质理论的科学内涵,另一方面可为“治未病”提供可供参考的指标体系。     

“被迫”与“自愿”：民办教育企业课程咨询员加班现象研究 —— 基于对 T 市 DN 公司的田野调查

随着经济的快速发展,白领群体因频繁加班导致的"过劳死""抑郁症"现象层出不穷,白领群体的"加班"已经成为当前职场中的常见现象。近些年又出现了"无薪加班""自愿加班"等一些新的加班现象,极大地影响了白领群体的生活质量甚至身体健康,因此受到了学术界的广泛关注。其中,"民办教育机构课程咨询员"的自愿加班不容忽视。调查发现,种种"自愿加班"背后其实隐藏着难言的"被迫手段"。研究选取T市一家大型民办IT教育机构的课程咨询员作为调研对象,利用布洛维的"赶工游戏理论"和戈夫曼的"拟剧理论",同时引入"关怀文化"的概念对加班的维持方式进行探索。研究得到三个结论:1.民营企业管理者在制定"游戏规则"时,"后台规则"是导致加班的根本原因;2."关怀文化"是缓解两种规则冲突的调和手段;3."自愿加班"现象虽然看似是员工极具奉献精神的体现,但实际上背后是由一整套制度逻辑所"推动"的。     

Direct democracy and subjective regime legitimacy in Europe

While much research focuses on the causes and consequences of direct democracy and regime legitimacy, little attention has been paid to the potential relationship between them. In an attempt to fill this void, this paper focuses on the legal provisions for direct democracy and its use. The key argument is that possibilities for the public’s direct involvement reflect high importance given to citizens, openness of the regime towards different modes of decision-making, and ways to avoid unpopular institutions. Consequently, citizens are likely to accept and support the regime, improving or maintaining its legitimacy. The cross-national analysis includes 38 European countries ranging from transition countries to established democracies. It uses bivariate statistical analysis and country-level data collected from legislation, secondary sources, and aggregate surveys.