强激励效应扩张:科层组织注意力分配与中国城市市政支出的“上下”竞争(1999—2010)

科层组织任务间竞争关系是国家治理结构失衡背后的科学问题。基于中国城市“逢雨必涝”的现象,从组织注意力分配的角度,对287个地级以上城市1999—2010年市政路桥和排水支出“上下”竞争的实证研究表明,中国科层组织绩效易测任务对不易测任务的争夺是权威体制下强激励效应扩张的结果。首先,权威体制背景下,强激励通过相对绩效和短期政绩信号两个机制塑造了这一竞争关系。其次,除了直接效应外,强激励还存在扩张效应——既构成(沟通系统集权化改革、本领域及其他领域组织任务注意力争夺等)强化这一争夺的因素起作用的前提,也造成了(监督方行政控制、代理方机构设置及外部事件央媒问责等)防止这一争夺的因素的失效。这一发现对现有组织理论及国家治理结构调整实践均有重要参考价值。     

“被迫的赔礼道歉”应被废除

目前,《侵权责任法》规定的＂赔礼道歉＂,可分为＂自愿的赔礼道歉＂和＂被迫的赔礼道歉＂。后者虽然目前为部分学者所肯定,但从立法论的角度来看应被废除。其理由是：（1）立法机关其实只希望拥有＂自愿的赔礼道歉＂。（2）美国、英国、加拿大哥伦比亚省、法国、德国、奥地利、日本、我国台湾地区原则上禁止强迫赔礼道歉。（3）＂被迫的赔礼道歉＂既不能减少或消除原告的愤怒,又无助于被告改过迁善,且原告可以获得慰抚金。     

心理学视域下的权力效应研究及其理论阐释

得益于社会认知研究范式的兴起,近二十年心理学视域下的权力研究取得了丰硕成果,权力效应是心理学关于权力研究的核心问题。本文对心理学视域下权力内涵的演变和研究范式进行了梳理,重点分析了权力对个体心理和行为带来的三大效应:消极效应、中性效应和积极效应,并对阐释权力效应的"接近-抑制理论""情境聚焦理论"和"社会距离理论"进行了系统介绍和总结。最后指出,如何通过相关变量的约束制约和减少权力的消极效应,并有效激发权力的积极效应,是未来研究要特别关注的重点。     

Post-Feminist Spectatorship and the Girl Effect: “Go ahead,really imagine her”

Women and girls are currently positioned as highly visible subjects of global governance and development, from the agendas of the United Nations and the World Bank to the corporate social responsibility campaigns of Nike, Goldman Sachs and Coca Cola. This paper examines the representations of empowerment in visual (image and video) material from the Nike Foundation’s ‘Girl Effect’ campaign. Drawing on the works of Angela McRobbie and Lilie Chouliaraki, I suggest that this campaign is reflective of a mode of ‘post-feminist spectatorship’ that is now common to corporatised development discourses; it is manifested both in terms of the conservative mode of neoliberal empowerment proposed for distant others and the mode of ironic spectatorship imagined for the viewer. I conclude that the relations constructed in the ‘Girl Effect’ campaign between the (empowered) Western spectator and the (yet-to-be-empowered) Third World Girl work to erode bonds of solidarity and entrench structural inequalities by positioning economically empowered girls as the key to global poverty eradication.     

非法证据排除规则的逻辑重释与机制完善

我国非法证据排除路径在某种程度上呈现出规则限缩适用的趋势.通过非法证据排除规则来遏制非法取证行为与实现权利救济是当前该规则建构和运行的基本模式,但依据规则演化的形态特征及共性与个性问题,表明其适用现状并不乐观.目前非法证据排除规则存在着抉择上的双重冲突、样态上的二元割裂、救济上的双重忧虑等逻辑困境,这也决定了其逻辑起点...     

行政给付中的行政行为

我国应建立与福利国家、积极国家以及给付行政模式相适应的行政给付行为理论。这就必须改变传统理论中将行政给付定位于行政救助和行政物质帮助的不正确做法,拓展行政给付行为范畴,增强政府的授益性。为此,应将行政给付行为界分为行政给付行为、行政给付相关行为和行政给付效果行为。     

认罪认罚从宽制度中的量刑建议

从世界范围看,量刑建议愈渐具有重要地位是当下刑事司法制度公力协商模式悄然风靡的结果。随着我国认罪认罚从宽制度的确立,检察机关量刑建议的重要性也日益彰显,成为牵动认罪案件诉讼程序运行的关键部分。认罪认罚案件中量刑建议制度产生了较多新的实质变化。新形势下,精准刑与幅度刑在认罪案件量刑建议中均具有了新的价值意义,以精准为主、幅度为辅是较为妥当的量刑建议内容模式。量刑建议的效力问题是落实认罪认罚从宽的关键所在,对于《刑事诉讼法》第201条的规定,应当要有较为清晰的认知,包括量刑建议的效力场域、辅助参考到主要依据的转变、一般应当的规范表述、调整量刑建议的规范缘由、量刑建议异议处理程序。对这些问题的充分有效探讨有助于指导认罪认罚从宽制度实践。     

Birth order and youth delinquent behaviour testing the differential parental control hypothesis in a french representative sample

Studies on delinquent behaviour have frequently shown that firstborn children are less involved in delinquency than middle-born children. We suggest that differential parental control of the children depending on their ordinal position might account for this phenomenon. The study, carried out with a French representative sample (n=1129), indicated that firstborns were more supervised than middle-borns. Firstborns reported less minor offences and serious offences than middle-born children. However, when sibship size and parental supervision were controlled in a subsequent analysis of covariance, the effect of ordinal position on serious offences disappeared, whereas the birth-order effect on minor offences declined but remained significant. It is concluded that ordinal position plays a moderate role in delinquent behaviour and that this effect is partly induced by differential parental control.     

Challenging interviewees during interviews: The potential effects on lie detection

Abstract

The impact of interview styles on lie detection was examined. Thirty-six truth tellers and liars (undergraduates) were interviewed in three different ways: The interview started with an information-gathering interview style (Phase 1), which then developed into an interrogation (Phase 2), and finally transformed back into an information-gathering interview style (Phase 3). On the basis of DePaulo and Kirkendol's Motivational Impairment Effect, which suggests that when people are highly motivated to get away with their lies they actually look like they are controlling their behavior, it was hypothesized that the most prominent differences between liars and truth tellers would emerge in Phase 3. The findings supported this hypothesis, and thus suggest that specific interview styles could facilitate lie detection.     

Contextual Effects on Individual Voting Behavior: The Case of Taiwan

This study investigates the voting behavior of the Taiwanese electorate in two different levels of election by taking into account two aggregate-level effects, namely the political and economic contextual effects. Using both individual-level and aggregate-level data to study the 2008 legislative election and the 2012 presidential election in Taiwan, this paper not only confirms that the valence politics explanation outperforms other individual-level voting models in the legislative election and in other elections in Taiwan, but also demonstrates how the two contextual effects influence individual voting behavior. Specifically, the political contextual effect had influence on the individual electoral choice in both the 2008 legislative election and the 2012 presidential election, whereas economic contexts only affect voters’ decision when choosing a president. The multilevel analysis reveals that different individual-level voting models could provide partial explanation for voting behavior; however, the findings also show that we may overlook how contextual effects may affect the electoral choice.