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291.
    
The Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario database for 2011–2012 was used to compare fatal injury patterns in drivers whose third‐generation airbags deployed compared to first‐ and second‐generation airbag deployments and airbag nondeployments with and without seatbelt use. There were 110 frontal and offset frontal crashes analyzed. The small sample size meant that the odds of craniocerebral, cervical spinal, thoracic, and abdominal injuries were not statistically different for airbag generation, deployment status, and seatbelt use; however, the risk of fatal thoracic injuries in third‐ and second‐generation cases was increased. Seatbelt usage in third‐ and second‐generation deployment cases reduced the risk of all injuries except abdominal trauma. High severity impacts and occupant compartment intrusion were frequently observed. The analyses in this retrospective study were challenged by data that were not collated in a standardized way and were limited in details about scene, vehicle, and driver variables.  相似文献   
292.
    
The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the accuracy of 3D models and 3D prints of cranial blunt force trauma, to evaluate the applicability and limitations of modeling such injuries. Three types of cranial blunt force lesions were documented (hinge, depressed, and comminuted) using three forms of surface scanning (laser, structured light scanner, and photogrammetry) at two different quality settings (standard and high). 3D printed models of the lesions were produced using two different materials (a gypsum‐like composite powder called VisiJet® PXL and an acrylic engineered composite plastic called VisiJet® M3 in crystal colour). The results of these analyzes indicate the prints in this study exhibit some statistically significant differences from the actual bone lesions, but details of the lesions can be reproduced to within 2 mm accuracy.  相似文献   
293.
    
Introduction: ‘Head banging’ is a common form of self-harm, linked to numerous negative outcomes including significant brain damage. However, little research has investigated head banging behaviour and its correlates in clinical populations. Method: Head banging episodes were identified from the incident records (n = 5417) of two inpatient forensic services (one intellectual disability and one mental health), using relevant search terms. Rates were compared between individual patients, by gender, diagnosis and level of security. Incident accounts were analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Results: Head banging incidents occurred approximately every 3 days in each service, with 229 incidents recorded in 1 year. Individual patient rates varied widely, ranging from 1 to 38 incidents within 1 year. Women, and patients in higher levels of therapeutic security, were significantly more likely to engage in head banging. Qualitative incident reports indicated that head banging was associated with mental distress, anger and psychotic experiences. Discussion: Head banging occurs frequently in forensic services, and has documented associations with traumatic brain injury in affected individuals, thus negatively impacting progress through the care pathway and treatment outcomes. Further research should investigate short- and long-term management strategies and treatment approaches, in order to minimise harm.  相似文献   
294.
目的 研究"周围神经损伤"法医学鉴定案件的特点,探讨如何运用临床资料、法医检查和神经电生理检测结果等对周围神经损伤者进行法医学鉴定.方法收集临床诊断为"周围神经损伤"的158例法医学鉴定案件,对其个体特征、损伤情况、鉴定结果、夸大与伪装情况等进行统计分析.结果 在158例"周围神经损伤"案件中以男性、青壮年及无业人员多...  相似文献   
295.
    
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was initially conceptualized in boxers, but has extended to other athletes in recent years, albeit with limited clinical correlations. It is often asserted that CTE pathology represents the substrate for progressive neurodegenerative disease. We report the case of a shotgun injury to the brain with 42‐year survival and no neurological disease progression until shortly before death. The decedent had no other traumatic brain injury (TBI) exposure and did not play football or other high energy collision sport. Neuropathological examination confirmed tissue damage, but additionally demonstrated localized patterns of phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) meeting criteria for CTE pathology. P‐tau and TDP‐43 deposits within marginal tissue of damaged brain were also present focally. No amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposits were present. These findings indicate that CTE pathology may occur following a single, severe TBI.  相似文献   
296.
肖柳珍 《证据科学》2011,19(3):290-298
《侵权责任法》实施后我国并没有形成统一的医疗损害鉴定制度。江苏和北京高级法院分别对医疗损害鉴定的具体内容及部分具体鉴定制度进行了明确规定。二者最大的区别在于对医学会鉴定和法医鉴定这两种鉴定模式的优先选择不同。江苏模式优先选择医学会组织的医疗损害鉴定。能够从专业的角度保障医疗损害鉴定工作的完成.但建议加大力度完善医疗损害鉴定的监督机制及省属范围内的异地鉴定制度。北京模式则相对倾向医疗损害司法鉴定。建议完善医疗损害鉴定人的准入制度及医疗损害司法鉴定程序并构建医疗损害司法鉴定专家库。医疗损害司法鉴定制度构建过程中,建议遵循医疗损害鉴定统一性、专业性、标准化及监督的原则。  相似文献   
297.
目的探讨CT和MRI检查方法在弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)法医学鉴定中的应用价值。方法收集26例CT和MRI影像资料齐全的DAI鉴定资料进行回顾性分析,比较CT和MRI两种方法对DAI病灶检出率的差异,分析DAI病灶检出数量与法医学鉴定结果之间的关系。结果 26例经MRI检出DAI病灶787个,经CT检出DAI病灶32个,MRI对DAI病灶的敏感度显著高于CT(P0.01)具有统计学意义。26例DAI鉴定的伤残等级数值与影像学检查发现的病灶数量之间存在负相关(r=-0.908,P0.01)。结论 MRI检查对DAI病灶的检出率较CT检查具有明显优势,可为DAI诊断提供更为准确的依据,在法医临床学鉴定中具有重要的应用价值。  相似文献   
298.
现行刑法中的寻衅滋事罪源于1979年刑法的流氓罪,且现行刑法具体罗列了4种行为。但因刑法规定过于笼统,给司法实践带来诸多困扰。虽然最高人民检察院及上海市司法机关相关规定的出台为寻衅滋事罪提供了量化的标准,然而实践中仍存在一些问题。司法人员在实际办案中应综合考虑,具体案件具体分析。  相似文献   
299.
人身损害赔偿数额的确定是侵权人和受害人之间的一场难以协商的博弈,受害人总是希望能通过赔偿取得更大的利益。相反,加害人总是希寄以最小的数额赔付解决人身损害赔偿问题。然而,国家以法的形式对人身损害赔偿标准所作的规定却引发了法学界的激烈论战。对人身损害赔偿标准进行法理与实务上的分析,肯定其存在的必要性与合理性,解析我国现行有关人身损害赔偿标准的法律法规中的不足,显然才是科学的。  相似文献   
300.
正确处理非铁路交通事故原因造成的旅客人身损害赔偿纠纷应当采取如下措施:第一,国务院铁路管理部门在制定条例实施细则中应当明确规定非铁路交通事故原因造成的旅客人身损害赔偿适用限额赔偿。第二,建议最高人民法院出台司法解释对非铁路交通事故原因造成的旅客人身损害赔偿纠纷作出统一规定。第三,增加保险份额,实行自愿保险。改变目前强制保险制度的不足,适度提高保险费。  相似文献   
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