脑损伤后COX-1和COX-2的表达

环加氧酶(cyclooxygenase,COX)是催化花生四烯酸(arachidonic,AA)合成前列腺素(prostaglandin,PG)的限速酶。后者在调节有丝分裂、凋亡、血管生成、血流动力学、继发性脑损伤及炎症反应等过程中发挥重要作用。COX有两种亚型:COX-1和COX-2。近年来研究证实,COX-1和COX-2在脑损伤过程中扮演了重要的角色。     

美国反补贴法中“因果关系”的确定及其对我国的启示

在反补贴调查中,"因果关系"的审查和确定是决定反补贴措施是否公平合理的关键所在,各国对此做法不同、争论很大.在"因果关系"的确定上,WTO补贴与反补贴措施协议>的规定存在不明确之处,各国对其保留有相当程度的解释空间.美国反补贴法在因果关系上的用语与<补贴与反补贴措施协议>不同,同时还存在两个重要的争议因果关系是应存在于"进口"与"损害"之间,还是存在于"补贴"与"损害"之间;应同时决定还是别决定损害与因果关系.在因果关系的具体分析方法上,我国可借鉴美国的"整体分析法".     

The Effect of Question Order on Disclosure of Intimate Partner Violence: An Experimental Test Using the Conflict Tactics Scales

Two plausible but contradictory approaches to question order in research on sensitive or criminal behavior are (1) that presenting the questions in a sequence corresponding to a culturally recognized behavior pattern will facilitate disclosure, and (2) that presenting questions in random order will result in more disclosure because random order disrupts response sets. The question order of the original Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS1) used the culturally recognized sequence approach, and the revised CTS (CTS2) used a modified random order. This experiment was designed to determine which of these two question orders results in more disclosure of physical and sexual assault of a dating partner. The standard version of the CTS2, which has the questions from each of the 5 scales interspersed in a slightly modified random order, was administered to every second student in a sample of 417 university students. The other half of the sample were given the same instrument but with the questions in the culturally recognized sequential order used in the CTS1. The cultural sequence order begins with the socially approved behaviors in the Negotiation scale and ends with scales measuring antisocial and the criminal behavior such as the Physical Assault scale. The results indicate that the CTS2 random order produced significantly higher disclosure rates for the scales that measure criminal behavior (Physical Assault, Injury, and Sexual Coercion) and made no difference for the other CTS2 scales (Negotiation and Psychological Aggression). Although these results suggest that the CTS2 random order is the preferred approach, reasons to treat that conclusion with caution are presented.     

论必要性原则适用的困境及其出路

必要性原则是一项重要的行政法原则,它以“最小侵害”作为联结点,确立起一套相对清晰的审查标准,并把最终确定排他性手段的权力赋予司法。也正因为如此,必要性原则的适用引发了许多理论和实务操作中的困境。许多法治发达国家在为这些困境深感忧虑的同时,逐渐发展出一系列解决困境的法解释技术。正视这些困境并积极探索可行的解决方法,对我国行政法学界而言具有一定的紧迫性。     

外伤性脑梗塞法医学鉴定55例分析

通过对近5年来55例外伤性脑梗塞法医学鉴定案例资料的收集整理,并就其临床表现、影像学表现特点、发病机制、以及法医学损伤程度鉴定等问题进行分析,探讨颅脑外伤与梗塞的关系。     

不同损伤程度脑震荡鼠逆行性遗忘变化比较

目的研究不同损伤程度脑震荡(CC)大鼠逆行性遗忘(RA)之变化情况。方法用金属单摆打击装置复制大鼠不同损伤程度脑震荡模型,用Morris水迷宫检测脑震荡后大鼠逆行性遗忘变化情况。结果单纯性脑震荡(PCC)大鼠打击后72h内出现逆行性遗忘,伤后4d出现认知受损,随后恢复。复杂性脑震荡(CCC)大鼠打击后5d内既有逆行性遗忘的存在,又有认知功能受损,5d后恢复。结论大鼠不同损伤程度脑震荡后均出现逆行性遗忘,且脑震荡损伤程度不同,逆行性遗忘持续时间亦不同,脑震荡程度越重,RA持续时间越长。     

大鼠脑外伤后溶酶体酶Cathepsin—B和D的表达

目的研究大鼠脑外伤后溶酶体酶cathepsin-B和-D是否被激活及其不同时段表达变化,阐述其与凋亡执行因子caspase-3表达的关系,并探讨对脑外伤诊断及形成时间的意义。方法采用自由落体打击法建立脑外伤动物模型,并对模型及对照样本进行免疫荧光、双标和激光共聚焦检测,结果用SPSS10.0软件处理。结果脑外伤后1hcathepsin-B表达即增加,4～8d达高峰,脑外伤后32d仍处于高表达水平;cathepsin-D的表达于脑外伤后12h增加,4～8d达高峰,32d的表达仍然高于12h的表达水平。脑外伤初期,cathepsin-B和-D阳性细胞与caspase-3阳性细胞重叠较少,脑外伤后6h开始增加,32d仍然有很多阳性细胞重叠。结论脑外伤后cathepsin-B和-D被激活,其激活在脑外伤早期可能抑制细胞凋亡执行因子caspase-3的激活,之后(6h后)则与caspase-3起协同作用,共同促进细胞死亡;cathepsin-B和-D表达的时程变化对于脑外伤的法医学诊断和中晚期的时间推断有参考意义。     

The Infant Injury Database: A Tool for the Study of Injury Patterns in Medicolegal Investigations of Child Abuse

In 2012, the Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences began prospectively collecting injury data from pediatric autopsies. These data and associated case information from 635 pediatric cases are archived in the Infant Injury Database (IID). This paper introduces the IID to the forensic community and demonstrates its potential utility for child abuse and infant fatality investigations. The database is intended to be a source of evidence‐based research for coroners/medical examiners and clinicians in the recognition and diagnosis of child abuse. RR estimates were employed to quantify the relationship between individual autopsy findings to trauma‐related and nontrauma‐related causes of death. For example, unsurprisingly, the RR of trauma cases with multiple injury types is significantly greater than other causes of death, but the RR results provide a quantitative representation of the relationship. ROC curve modeling of the presence/absence of various injury types performed well at discriminating trauma from other causes of death (AUC = 0.96).     

创伤科病历书写相关缺陷及其对司法鉴定的影响

病历是创伤病人进行司法鉴定的重要客观资料，病历书写中相关缺陷直接或间接影响着司法鉴定活动的正常进行。分析创伤科病历书写中的一些常见缺陷对司法鉴定带来影响，强调提高创伤科医务人员的法律意识及病历书写质量是保证司法鉴定结论客观公正的重要因素之一。     

浅析活体损伤法医学鉴定及应注意的问题

随着我国法制化建设的不断加强,司法实践已对活体损伤法医学鉴定提出了更高的要求。要使活体损伤的法医学鉴定真正实现依法、客观、公正、科学,就必须要正确理解和运用法律规范,严格活体损伤鉴定程序,遵循活体损伤鉴定基本原则和依据,了解相关因素及其注意事项,熟练掌握检验鉴定的基本方法技能。以严谨求实的态度和高度负责的精神,综合分析、深入研判活体损伤鉴定相关问题,才能确保活体损伤鉴定质量,适应新形势的需要。