The Role of Forensic Botany in Reconstructing the Dynamics of Trauma from High Falls

The analysis of botanical traces can be supportive, especially when the crime scene investigation and autopsy do not provide sufficient information. This issue arises most commonly in fatal falls from height. We report the case of a man found dead below a hill. The body showed traumatic injuries from a fall. During the scene investigation, a sampling of botanical elements was carried out on three zones of the hill called the point of loss of balance, the point of fall, and the point of impact. The botanical elements collected on the three zones were compared with those found on the victim and an autopsy was performed. The botanical analysis clarified the phases of falling, as well as allowing us to reconstruct the dynamics and the accidental manner of death.     

Severe Cardiac Rupture by Only One Blow to the Chest in a Young Boy: An Autopsy Case

Cardiac rupture by blunt chest trauma is commonly seen after motor vehicle accidents and falls; however, it is rarely caused by a blow to the chest. We herein report an autopsy case of a high school boy who sustained severe right ventricular rupture by only one knee kick to the chest during a quarrel. He was hospitalized and developed cardiopulmonary arrest. Emergency surgery was performed, but the patient died. The autopsy revealed no external severe trauma or deformation, but the side wall of the right ventricle contained a large V‐shaped laceration. The other thoracic organs had no injuries. This case illustrates that severe cardiac rupture can occur by only one blow to the chest. Blunt cardiac injuries can occur even if no severe injuries are present on the body surface. We should consider the possibility of severe cardiac injuries regardless of the presence of external injuries.     

A Ballistics Examination of Firearm Injuries Involving Breast Implants

This ballistics study examines whether saline breast implants can decrease tissue penetration in firearm injuries. We hypothesize that the fluid column within a saline breast implant can alter bullet velocity and/or bullet pattern of mushrooming. The two experimental groups included saline implants with 7.4 cm projection and a no implant group. The experimental design allowed the bullet to pass‐through an implant and into ballistics gel (n = 10) or into ballistics gel without passage through an implant (n = 11). Shots that passed through an implant had 20.6% decreased penetration distance when compared to shots that did not pass‐through an implant; this difference was statistically significant (31.9 cm vs. 40.2 cm, p < 0.001). Implant group bullets mushroomed prior to gel entry, but the no implant group mushroomed within the gel. Bullet passage through a saline breast implant results in direct bullet velocity reduction and earlier bullet mushrooming; this causes significantly decreased ballistics gel penetration.     

大鼠尺神经损伤平面和修复时间对爪内肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究尺神经损伤修复后靶肌功能恢复的影响因素。方法42只SD雄性大鼠分为肘部、腕部2组实验组和1组正常对照组;实验组在肘部和腕部完全离断两前肢尺神经后即刻、1个月、3个月修复一侧神经（另一侧为对照侧）,应用免疫组织化学染色和电镜技术,观察和比较大鼠爪内肌细胞凋亡及细胞超微结构变化。结果即刻修复组大鼠爪内肌促细胞凋亡基因Fas、Caspase-3表达与正常组之间的差异无统计学意义;随修复时间延长,其表达逐渐增高,且组间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。抑细胞凋亡基因Bcl-2蛋白表达随修复时间延长而逐渐降低。伤后即刻、1月组实验侧Fas和Caspase-3蛋白表达较相应对照侧低（P〈0．05）;而3月组实验侧与相应对照侧比较无明显差异（P〉0．05）;相同修复时间,不同损伤平面组间表达差异均无统计学意义。结论靶肌超微结构改变及细胞凋亡的发生与神经损伤后修复时间有密切关系,与损伤平面关系较小。在法医学鉴定时机认定方面,尚需进一步研究验证。     

创伤性脑损伤与细胞凋亡

综述了创伤性脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡发生的证据、特点及其可能的分子机制。研究资料表明:创伤性脑损伤后存在有细胞凋亡,它与坏死的时序空间分布不同,创伤性脑损伤后的神经细胞凋亡可通过多种不同的途径发生,受多种基因的调控。同时,本文还探讨了创伤性脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡的研究在法医学方面的应用。     

大鼠脊髓损伤后HIF—1α基因的表达

目的观察大鼠脊髓损伤后低氧诱导因子-1α（HIF—1α）的表达规律，探讨其在脊髓损伤发生发展过程中的作用及法医学应用。方法建立大鼠静压脊髓损伤模型，采用RT—PCR和免疫组化SP法对伤后不同时间（0、3、6、12h和1、3、5、7、11、14d）HIF-1α和HIF-1α mRNA的表达进行检测，BI2000图像分析系统分析结果。结果正常及假手术对照组大鼠脊髓组织内有低水平的HIF-1α mRNA表达，但几乎检测不到HIF-1α阳性细胞；脊髓损伤后，HIF-1α及HIF-1α mRNA表达开始升高，其中HIF-1α mRNA表达在伤后3h开始增加，3d达高峰，14d时恢复正常；HIF—1α表达在伤后3h开始增加，1d达高峰，较HIF—1α mRNA的达峰时间（伤后3d）提前。HIF-1α免疫阳性产物可见于脊髓神经元、胶质细胞、室管膜细胞及间质内的血管内皮细胞。结论脊髓损伤后HIF-1α基因表达开始升高，对组织和细胞起低氧保护作用，其表达的时序性规律可望用于法医学损伤时间推断。     

肩袖损伤法医学鉴定研究进展

肩袖损伤是一种临床常见的肩关节病,成因复杂且症状有时不甚明显,缺乏特征性表现,容易被漏诊及误诊。在法医学鉴定中,时常遇到肩袖损伤的案例,判定该类案例是创伤所致、自身疾病抑或属于伤病共同作用导致是目前摆在法医鉴定人面前的难点问题。但因找不到客观的鉴别指标,容易使鉴定工作进入盲区,也时常引起当事人对鉴定意见的质疑,甚至长期的上访缠诉,引发社会的不稳定。基于此,从肩袖解剖结构、损伤机制、临床表现、鉴别诊断及法医学鉴定等方面展开论述,有助于为此类案件的鉴定提供参考。     

韩国反倾销政策法规及其实践

韩国是世界上较早制定反倾销法的发展中国家,也是全球实施反倾销最为积极的国家之一,中国则成为韩国反倾销的首要目标国。韩国反倾销政策法规不仅是其对外实施反倾销的法律依据,也是其保护国内产业和市场最常用的贸易救济手段。韩国反倾销政策法规主要体现在韩国反倾销管理体制、实施反倾销的前提条件以及实施反倾销的具体措施等三个方面。韩国反倾销政策法规在实践中所具有的一些不同于其他国家或地区的特点,为中国应对未来韩国对华反倾销提供了有益启示。     

大鼠吸入性乙酸酐中毒的病理观察

为了观察吸入乙酸酐后机体的病理变化，在染毒柜中让大鼠吸入乙酸酐，然后在光镜下观察其吸入性损伤。结果显示：（1）急性肺水肿；（2）小支气管、细支气管粘膜凝固性坏死，炎症细胞浸润；（3）小支气管早期痉挛，后期扩张。表明引起这些损伤是由于乙酸酐对粘膜的刺激和腐蚀作用。     

线粒体DNA在年龄推断中的应用

线粒体是机体ATP产生的场所,近年来研究发现线粒体DNA(MitochondrialDNA)的损伤程度会随着年龄的增长而增加。深入研究并将mtDNA的损伤程度应用在法医学软组织的年龄推断中将有重要意义。