Are Internet protocol addresses personal data? The fight against online copyright infringement

Internet Protocol addresses [IP addresses] are central for Internet electronic communications. They individualize computers and their users to make the delivery of data packets possible. IP addresses are also often used to identify websurfers for litigation purposes. In particular, they constitute a key in the fight against online copyright infringement to identify infringers. However, it is a matter of dispute to know if IP addresses are personal data. In a review of relevant case law, the present paper seeks to identify when IP addresses are - or should be - considered as personal data. It suggests a contextual approach to the concept of personal data.     

也论“胎儿损害赔偿请求权”——基于民法请求权理论的思考

近年来,学界出现了＂胎儿损害赔偿请求权＂的提法,其实质是指自然人对于出生前所遭受的损害有权要求赔偿,权利主体应是自然人而非胎儿,行使赔偿请求权的前提是自然人的先期人身法益遭受了侵害。胎儿不具有民事主体资格,不能享有民事实体权利,在遭受侵害时也就不存在损害赔偿请求权。因此,这一提法不妥,应予纠正。     

The need for a complete dental autopsy of unidentified edentulous human remains

In December 2017, a decomposed unidentified body was found near the river Tronto in Teramo, Italy. The corpse was found without any identifying documents or specific personal belongings, except for a packet of cigarettes. The medical examiner determined a gastric perforation from the intake of hydrochloric acid to be the cause of death. A jar of muriatic acid found near the body led to suicide being considered the manner of death. The Penal Court in Teramo appointed two forensic odontologists to complete the postmortem assessment and collect dental data for personal identification. The corpse was found wearing a complete set of upper and lower dentures. The dental autopsy and 42 periapical X-ray images helped generate a biological profile of a man totally edentulous with upper and lower dentures, as well as an osteosynthesis with two plates and screws in the left ascending ramus of the mandible. In March 2018, the sister of a missing person reported the disappearance of her brother, and a presumptive identification was performed through visual recognition of the decomposed body. The sister confirmed the presence of two dentures and the location of the maxillo-facial surgery for the treatment of the fractured mandible. A complete dental autopsy was able to establish his identity without any DNA comparison needed. This case highlights the importance of performing a complete dental autopsy inclusive of dental radiographs, and its value in the identification of all unknown human remains even when totally edentulous.A complete dental autopsy should be performed in all cases of human identification.

Keypoints

• Despite a corpse being edentulous, a complete dental autopsy can still be useful.
• Dental radiographs, such as bitewings, periapical images, panoramic radiographs, and CT scans, are recommended in all identification autopsies.

     

企业社会责任践行机制之探究——兼论司法介入的合理性

从现代企业社会责任理论之勃兴着手探讨该理论的价值内涵及正确的价值导向,为企业社会责任之道德责任、法律责任的践行奠定正确的理论起点。针对践行企业社会责任之法律责任目前的立法状态分析司法介入企业社会责任实现机制的可能性及面临的几大难题,并提出了相应的理论构想以期待学界对企业社会责任的研究向司法领域的延伸。     

德国的法人刑事责任论述评

德国现行刑法典与判例对法人犯罪皆持否定态度 ,但学术界对法人有害行为追究刑事责任的观念也已得到广泛承认。本文通过探讨德国法律制度对法人处罚规定的得失 ,指出法人犯罪肯定论虽然日益受到重视 ,但在和刑法理论的调和上还有许多不完善之处。应在从正面肯定法人的犯罪能力的基础上 ,探讨合适有效的制裁体系