刑罚报应论的哲理反思

刑罚的报应理论在与预防目的论的竞争中逐渐处于下风,即便在一体论的框架中也处于次要地位。之所以如此,就在于人们认为报应等同报复,该理论内部无法统一,以及其前提假设的不足。然而这些观点存在对报应论的误解。报应论作为刑罚本质理论,在刑罚体系中应该占有一席之地。     

电子期刊与纸质期刊的比较及互补研究

电子期刊以其出版速度快，检索功能强，信息存储量大等特点给图书馆期刊工作带来新的机遇和挑战，文章通过对电子期刊和纸质期刊优缺点的分析比较，提出了如何加强期刊科学管理，提高期刊利用率。     

论法人的国际私法主体资格

法人是国际私法的重要主体,通过对法人的国籍、住所、营业所、民事权利能力、民事行为能力等制定冲突规范,可以有效解决在国际民商事交往中发生的各种冲突。同时,由于各国法人制度的不同规定,因而存在外国法人的认可问题,我国主要采取特别认可制。总之,对各国法人制度的研究对当今国际民商事交往有重大的理论意义,我们在《民法典》的立法过程中应实事求是地借鉴各国的普遍做法,提高我国的立法水平,繁荣民商事交往。     

实践“人·从·众” 保持先进性——如何做一名警官学院合格的共产党员

文章从以“人·从·众”为内涵的公安校园文化思想与共产党员的素质标准、基本言行准则、宗旨要求的密切联系切入,论述了一名合格的警院共产党员应具备的思维方式、价值观念、行为准则,并对达成这一目标的方式、方法进行了分析、探讨。     

High road in regulating online child pornography in South Africa

Online child pornography is a repulsive reality which cannot be ignored; the biggest child pornography manufacturing ring in South African history was cracked with the arrest of eight family members. There are more than 116 000 Internet searches daily for child pornography. Pornography is no longer confined to consenting adults, children are not only being exposed to pornographic material but are increasingly being used as victims of child pornography. In South Africa, the Internet and Cell phone Pornography Bill tabled in 2010 aims to make it illegal for Internet and mobile phone service providers to distribute pornography or permit it to be distributed. The objective of the Bill is to protect children from child pornography and women from the indignity of being seen as objects of pornography. This paper takes as its focal point the continuing crisis which centres on the conceptual framework, the existing legislation regulating online child pornography and measures to curb infringement.     

Regulating electronic identity in the European Union: An analysis of the Lisbon Treaty’s competences and legal basis for eID

This paper discusses the feasibility of EU legal action in the field of electronic identity (eID) within the new distribution of legal competences and the provision of novel legal basis engendered by the Treaty of Lisbon. The article attempts to find a ‘legal anchor’ to the idea of a pan-European electronic identity within EU law, looking at the issues of competences and legal basis. After examining various different areas of competence and the most feasible (and probable) candidates for a legal basis supporting an EU legal framework for eID, the paper argues that the latter should be found in the combination of Article 16 TFEU (concerning the right to the protection of personal data) with Article 3 TUE, and Articles 26 and 114 TFEU (concerning the establishment and functioning of the Internal Market), which also constitute the area of competence where an eID legal initiative can be pursued.     

个体主义方法论和我国法人制度

私法自治是民法的理念,决定了民法理论体系的构建和制度生成。民法的理念决定了民法理论体系的立场是个人主义。私法中所坚持的是个人主义立场,因此决定了个体主义方法论是民法的基本研究方法。自然人与法人是最重要的民事主体类型,是民事主体制度的重要内容。法人是一个组织,但其行为需要由法人机关实施,因此如何合理设计法人法律制度,促使法人内部团体意志有效形成并通过法人机关实现,与第三人实施法律行为参与法律交往,实现法人的利益,同时能够有效约束法人机关,防止其利用代表权谋取私利损害法人的利益,对促进民法体系的完善与成熟,意义重大。本文从个体主义方法论的视角对我国《民法通则》中有关法人人格、法人分类、法人机关等法律制度进行评析并提出完善建议。     

被追诉人合法权益保障的考察——从人权的角度

人权问题一直是国际社会关注的焦点,正慢慢渗透到社会的方方面面,保障人权已是大势所趋。我国也在为保护和发展人权做出各种努力:刑事诉讼法把人权保障作为直接目的之一,加强了对被追诉人的人权保障,我国的刑事诉讼制度得到一定程度的完善。然而,同其他国家的做法及联合国刑事司法准则的规定相比,我国对被追诉人的合法权益的保障仍存在一些明显的缺陷,需要进一步完善。     

The suitability of using domestic pigs (Sus spp.) as human proxies in the geophysical detection of clandestine graves

Research in many forensic science fields commonly uses domestic pigs (Sus spp.) as proxies for human remains, due to their physiological and anatomical similarities, as well as being more readily available. Unfortunately, previous research, especially that which compares the decompositional process, has shown that pigs are not appropriate proxies for humans. To date, there has not been any published research that specifically addresses whether domestic pigs are adequate human proxies for the geophysical detection of clandestine graves. As such, the aim of this paper was to compare the geophysical responses of pig cadavers and human donor graves, in order to determine if pigs can indeed be used as adequate human proxies. To accomplish this, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) responses on single and multiple pig cadaver graves were compared to single and multiple human donor graves, all of which are in known locations within the same geological environment. The results showed that under field conditions, both GPR and ERT were successful at observing human and pig burials, with no obvious differences between the detected geophysical responses. The results also showed that there were no differences in the geophysical responses of those who were clothed and unclothed. The similarity of the responses may reflect that the geophysical techniques can detect graves despite what their contents are. The study implications suggest that experimental studies in other soil and climate conditions can be easily replicated, benefiting law enforcement with missing persons cases.     

Electronic evidence: A proposal to reform the presumption of reliability and hearsay

There is a general concern amongst judges, lawyers and legal scholars that evidence in digital format is not to be trusted, given that it can be altered and manipulated with ease. Some jurists have called for a UN Convention on matters relating to the authentication and admissibility of electronic evidence. It is debatable whether such a Convention is necessary, but guidance of an international nature might be welcome, providing that any such guidance remains guidance, and does not ossify into legal requirements that fail to take into account the dynamic and constantly developing changes in information technology. In any event, the accuracy of the presumption in England & Wales that a computer is in order at the material time is highly debatable, and it is suggested that this presumption ought to be reformed.