日本沿海工业城市的环境再生

当前,随着全球环境危机的日益加深,环境再生已成为一个世界性的课题。战后日本沿海工业城市的兴起,促进了日本经济的高速增长,但也为此付出了沉重的环境代价。目前,这些城市实施的治理环境公害、发展以资源循环利用为中心的新兴产业、重新规划和建设城市临海部以及建设可持续交通体系等措施,就是为了通过实现城市环境再生,达到发展经济和保护环境的双重目的,使市民生活得更为健康、舒适,并保证经济社会的可持续发展。     

中日环保合作的市场化运作模式探析

环境作为一种新的贸易资源与新兴产业,其重要性日益受到重视。在以往的中日环保合作中,中国处于受援国地位。随着我国综合国力的增强,接受援助的空间越来越小。而解决日益严峻的环境瓶颈制约与胁迫影响,要求中国必须借鉴发达国家的环保技术和管理经验,实现环保产业的跨越式发展。因此,中日两国在环保产业寻求市场化的合作模式成为有效推动中日合作的关键。理论和实践经验表明:中日环保合作既可行且必要,符合两国经济发展战略和国家利益。目前,两国环保合作的机制已经初步建立,寻求市场化的合作模式日益成为有效推动中日环保合作的关键。     

我国生态园林城市建设中的法律问题探析

生态园林城市是我国城市化发展过程中的必然趋势.生态园林城市建设过程中的首要问题是要加强生态法制建设.保护自然环境、维护生态平衡、实现人与自然和谐发展是我国生态法制建设的目标.通过界定生态园林城市的内涵入手,分析我国生态园林城市建设法律法规的现状与不足,探索如何更好地健全我国生态园林城市建设中的法律保障,对完善我国的环境法治应当有所裨益.     

Decentralization,Government Capacity,and Environmental Policy Performance: A Cross-National Analysis

This study examines how decentralization and government capacity interactively shape national environmental policy performance. Despite the extensive literature on the policy consequences of decentralization, what remains deficient is a proper understanding of the role that government capacity may play in the process. This study advances an integrative proposition that decentralization can improve policy performance if the government is equipped with capable, efficient and trustworthy administrative apparatus. Findings from a cross-national analysis on national environmental policy performance lend strong support for the general argument by revealing that such positive effects of decentralization are significantly strengthened by the quality of government capacity.     

The Capture Theory of Regulations—Revisited

Amidst the rekindled interest in regulating the market that has emerged since the 2008 financial crisis, most attention has been paid to the debate between those who call for more regulation of the private sector in order to protect the public good, and those who claim that such regulations would do further damage to the economy by unduly constraining business. This essay seeks to refocus the debate about regulation by examining an alternative criticism––the theory of regulatory capture––which argues that regulations are routinely and predictably 'captured' and manipulated to serve the interests of those who are supposed to be subject to them, or the bureaucrats and legislators who write or control them. Ample evidence suggests that regulatory capture is indeed widespread and takes a variety of forms, which are reviewed here. Rather than debating whether more or less regulations are needed, the paper suggests that what is needed is a way to make regulations stronger––more capture-proof. It closes with a major policy change that would help accomplish this goal.

The Two-headed Dragon: Environmental Policy and Progress Under Rising Democracy in Taiwan

Social movements constitute a political link between the power of existing polity and the ability of citizens to influence political outcomes. As a result, social movements can represent a potential rival to the acting political system, acquiring power and facilitating change through actions that create threats to existing political structures. In Taiwan, social movements were born from oppression and neglect by the ruling political class of social concerns. Environmental protests were effective in halting further deterioration of the island’s environment. How have democracy and its ensuing freedoms for citizens and movements alike altered movement structure and their issues in the socio-political environment? This research traces the development and transformation of the environmental movement in Taiwan within this changing political structure and examines how mobilized protest has been increasingly muted as an effective movement strategy, and how environmental justice has been slow to materialize.

论生态环境治理体系现代化与环境行政互动式执法

环境行政执法是生态环境治理的核心内容,我国环境行政执法以威慑式执法为主,执法实践陷入执法者与违法者对立冲突之困境,需以生态环境治理体系现代化为契机,向新的执法方式转变和发展。随着环境立法的发展,我国环境治理模式经历了从政府管制到政府与社会二元合作模式,再到政府、企业、社会公众三元互动模式的转变,形成了新时期社会共治的现代化生态环境治理体系。现代化生态环境治理体系与社会共治理论相契合。现代化生态环境治理体系为构建环境行政互动式执法系统提供了互动前提与理论支撑。以此为基础,环境行政互动式执法的实现需要生态环境行政机关让渡权力空间,以吸纳企业协商和公众参与。     

Bridging social and environmental risks: the potential for an emerging environmental justice framework in South Africa

Whereas anti-apartheid social movements engaged collectively against a repressive regime, especially in actions against social injustices, post-apartheid civil society has witnessed fragmentation when it comes to engaging jointly against neoliberal risks such as poor/no service delivery, privatisation, and environmental pollution. Civil society has not linked struggles into a coherent ideology to comprehensively challenge neoliberalism and associated risks. Research has not explored the underlying elements that contribute to reinforcing fragmentation. This article reviews the literature on key social and environmental struggles in order to draw out common elements and differences that reinforce fragmentation. The paper highlights the need for social and environmental activists to engage collectively both within their respective arenas, as well as across the social and environmental divide, if an environmental justice framework is to emerge. Social movements advocating social justice could serve as a platform to incorporate environmental discourses into their struggle to assist in formulating an environmental justice framework.     

环境公益诉讼相关问题思考

环境公益诉讼是伴随着社会经济发展而产生的一种诉讼类型,它旨在保护环境公共权益,在促进社会变革,形成环境公共政策,法律执行等方面发挥了积极的作用。我国的民事诉讼法和环保法都对环境公益诉讼作出了相应的规定,但是我国的环境公益诉讼还处在刚起步阶段,相应的制度建设还需要完善。     

事实因果关系不明侵权中比例因果关系的确定

事实因果关系不明的侵权,意味着被告行为是否是原告特定损害的事实上原因,无法得到符合标准要求的证明,因此具体因果关系的认定非常困难。比例因果关系用以确定致害因素与特定损害结果之间的可能性联系及其比值,具有推定性和评价性特点,是解决这类侵权责任承担问题的技术工具和关键因素。比例因果关系的确定需经过一般因果关系的确定和与个案具体情况的比对这两个步骤,其"比例"数额的确定是在综合考虑各种事实因素和酌定因素的基础上,参考有关数据进行的综合评价,用于恰当分配被告的责任。比例因果关系是法律思维从确定化向灵活性转变的产物,具有相当程度的可接受性。