Issue ownership and salience shocks: The electoral impact of Australian bushfires

As climate change increases the frequency of natural disasters, understanding how such disasters affect voting behavior has become crucial. While the literature has demonstrated that voters punish the party of the incumbent when they experience severe destruction, it remains unclear how other political parties are affected. In particular, we argue that voters shift their support to Green parties following natural disasters, given that these parties have ownership of environmental issues. We further argue that disasters decrease mainstream leftist parties’ vote share because liberal-minded voters are more likely to be the ones switching to Green parties. Empirical tests on bushfires and voting in Australia provide some support for our predictions, as all the expected effects of fires on voting manifest in state-level tests but not constituency-level tests. This suggests that our theory may operate only at certain levels of governance, paving the way for future research into why this might be.     

循环经济对环境库兹涅茨曲线影响分析

环境与经济的关系是理论界长期关注的焦点,存在着两个重要的学术理论.一项是假定性学说,揭示了经济与生态环境发展变化的轨迹,表述着一种现象,体现着一种矛盾的转化,即生态与环境状况同经济发展水平之间遵循倒U形状的环境库兹涅茨曲线;另一项是理论与实践的统一研究,即经济与环境可以实现良性互动的循环经济的新思维,循环经济从本质上揭示了环境与经济的内在联系,实现了环境经济学思维上的一个飞跃.环境库兹涅茨曲线已被发达国家的历史轨迹所证明,循环经济模式也正在被许多国家探索和实践着.这两项研究尽管形式不一、侧重不同,但并不相互脱离与冲突,循环经济这一新的经济模式在认可环境库兹涅茨曲线的同时,也体现着经济与环境的互动关系.循环经济是实现经济与环境最佳互动关系的发展模式.循环经济的理论充实了环境库兹涅茨曲线的内涵,循环经济的实践也必将使环境库兹涅茨曲线更加完善.     

The allure of technology: How France and California promoted electric and hybrid vehicles to reduce urban air pollution

All advanced industrialized societies face the problem of air pollution produced by motor vehicles. In spite of striking improvements in internal combustion engine technology, air pollution in most urban areas is still measured at levels determined to be harmful to human health. Throughout the 1990s and beyond, California and France both chose to improve air quality by means of technological innovation, adopting legislation that promoted clean vehicles, prominently among them, electric vehicles (EVs). In California, policymakers chose a technology-forcing approach, setting ambitious goals (e.g., zero emission vehicles), establishing strict deadlines and issuing penalties for non-compliance. The policy process in California called for substantial participation from the public, the media, the academic community and the interest groups affected by the regulation. The automobile and oil industries bitterly contested the regulation, in public and in the courts. In contrast, in France the policy process was non-adversarial, with minimal public participation and negligible debate in academic circles. We argue that California's stringent regulation spurred the development of innovative hybrid and fuel cell vehicles more effectively than the French approach. However, in spite of the differences, both California and France have been unable to put a substantial number of EVs on the road. Our comparison offers some broad lessons about how policy developments within a culture influence both the development of technology and the impact of humans on the environment.     

关于修改我国《环境保护法》的若干思考

现行的《环境保护法》已远远滞后于我国社会发展和环境保护的现状,针对其存在的问题,文章就该法修改的总体思路和主要内容方面提出中肯的建议.     

Merging content analysis and the policy sciences: A system to discern policy-specific trends from news media reports

In this article we set out to bridge a surprising methodological gap between two time-honored research traditions – news media content analysis and the policy sciences analytic framework. Lasswell, a recognized pioneer of both the method and the framework, discussed the mutual benefits of each decades ago. But few researchers, if any, have formally linked the two. To that end, in this article we (1) make the case for using news media content analysis to inform research studies using the policy sciences analytic framework; (2) introduce an original content analysis categorical system for that purpose; (3) demonstrate that system with a study of 90 national news articles about the stratospheric ozone hole; and (4) compare our system to others used to examine news content. We report that our system, used by human coders, is well geared to describing and mapping trends in the social process surrounding the development of the Montreal Protocol ozone treaty during the intelligence gathering and promotion phases encompassed by our data sample. We argue that other content analysis systems fall short – in structure and purpose – of meeting the promise ours holds to the policy scientist.     

论国际环境法渊源

国际环境法是国际法的一部分,其渊源与传统的国际法具有同一性,但也有其特殊性。国际环境条约具有五个特点:其制定的系统性(框架性)、发展和改变条约的程序方便性、可以在批准生效前临时适用、强调地球整体的观念和使NGO通过条约制度进入环境保护领域;在国际环境法中,有些习惯在很短的时间内被确认;一般法律原则对国际环境法的发展是有意义的,如善意原则、公平原则等;由于司法判例的一致性的要求、宣告性及决定国际环境法的存在和确定其内容,直接关系到争议各方的权益,是国际环境法重要的渊源之一;著名公法家学说,由于其主观性和可能的偏见,作为国际环境法的渊源,影响力比司法判例显然小多了;软法(没有法律拘束力的行为规则)在国际环境保护中扮演了基础性的作用,可以作为国际环境法的渊源之一。     

环境伦理道德教育——生态文明的灵魂

环境伦理是当代生态危机和环境革命的产物,是自然界发展到人类历史阶段,伴随着工业社会科学技术发展的不完善而爆发的人类理性观念的一场革命。环境伦理道德教育,是人类环境道德活动的重要形式之一。在现代人类道德教育中,环境伦理道德教育与人际道德教育相并存;在环境教育中,环境伦理道德教育是核心内容;在环境伦理学体系中,环境伦理道德教育是其最重要的组成部分。     

《环境保护法》修改中若干基本问题的定位

我国现行《环境保护法》已实施18年,其立法理念和价值取向已明显落后于当今生态建设和环境保护实践。在《环境保护法》修改过程中,应当对立法目的、立法模式、制度体系等基本问题重新进行定位,使修改后的《环境保护法》符合我国生态建设和环境保护的社会实际,顺应环境法发展的国际趋势。     

我国绿色证券投资基金绩效分析北大核心SSCI

当前,构建绿色金融体系已成为推动绿色经济快速发展、实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的重要途径。着眼绿色基金领域,通过分析基金重仓股明细,以及进行单因素评价模型的实证检验,探究我国绿色证券投资基金能否兼顾环境效益与经济效益的双重目标。结果显示,部分样本基金没能很好地执行投资策略,需调整资金配置,增加对绿色环保相关行业的投资;大部分样本基金在剔除掉风险因素的风险调整后收益的对比分析中,表现出了较强的获利能力,基金管理者市场调整和分散风险的能力较强。综合来看,我国绿色证券投资基金未能兼顾环境效益与经济效益的双重目标,环境效益有待进一步提高。为此,建议基金经理人对投资策略要充分予以执行,严格按照“绿色”标准选股投资;要进一步完善与绿色证券投资基金发展相关的配套机制和法律法规,丰富和完善绿色证券投资基金评价体系;提高投资者对绿色证券投资基金的认可度,建立多层次多元化投资主体结构。