Space,discourse and environmental peacebuilding

The concept of environmental peacebuilding is becoming increasingly prominent among peacebuilding scholars and practitioners. This study provides a brief overview about the various discussions contributing to our understanding of environmental peacebuilding and concludes that questions of space have hardly been explicitly considered in these debates. Drawing on discourse-analytic spatial theory, I discuss how the social construction of scale, place and boundaries are relevant for environmental peacebuilding processes and outcomes. This theoretical approach is then applied to the Good Water Neighbours project, which aims at improving the regional water situation and at building peace between Israelis, Palestinians and Jordanians. The results suggest that discursive constructions of space are important in facilitating, impeding or shaping environmental peacebuilding practices. Analyses of environmental peacebuilding, but also of peacebuilding more general, are therefore encouraged to draw more strongly on the findings of spatial theory.     

组织体罪责理念下单位故意的认定:以污染环境罪为例

我国理论通说和司法实践在认定单位犯罪时习惯以自然人的行为和意志为关联和前提,这种个体主义的思路存在诸多缺陷。单位既不能被还原为单个的自然人,也不是自然人的简单集合,组织结构、管理制度、经营方式等客观因素是单位的重要组成部分。单位具有独立的意志和刑事责任。需以整体主义的视角判断组织体罪责,单位犯意仍需区分故意与过失。单位故意是个体在单位内的决策机制或默认规则之作用下最终形成的意志,既有自然人意志的主观色彩,也深受单位客观因素的影响。从整体上把握单位的决策机制、管理制度的政策倾向、管理运营的惯常模式可以帮助认定单位故意。     

Parent–Child Relations,Conduct Problems and Cigarette Use in Adolescence: Examining the Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Patterns of Behavior

This study investigated genetic and environmental influences on the associations between mother–child relationship quality (warmth and hostility) and adolescent conduct problems and cigarette use. Participants included 601 mothers and adolescent twin pairs (aged 12–17 years). Mothers and adolescents provided separate reports of mother-to-child warmth and hostility. A combined measure of mother and adolescent reported conduct problems was used while adolescents provided reports of their cigarette use. Analyses were conducted using bivariate genetic analyses of correlated factors models and regression analyses of monozygotic twin differences. Genetic influences were found for most ratings of the parent–child relationship, with evidence of gender and/or rater-specificity for some measures. The relationship between mother–child hostility with adolescent conduct problems and cigarette use was influenced by genetic and environmental effects. Evidence was found for shared environment effects on the relationship between mother–child warmth and conduct problems. Examining monozygotic twin differences provided further support for non-shared environmental influence on the relationship between mothers’ expressions of hostility and low warmth and adolescent adjustment. Findings are discussed in relation to the interplay between genetic and environmental effects underlying links between parent–child relations and adolescent behavior problems.

我国环境行政诉讼原告资格刍议

我国目前的环境行政诉讼制度及实践存在许多问题,原告资格狭窄是其中一个非常重要的原因。这一原因导致了环境行政起诉权严重受到限制,缩小了对环境行政行为的司法审查范围。完善之法是从对传统行政诉讼理论和制度的修正及我国国情出发,逐步放宽对环境行政诉讼原告资格和起诉权的限制。     

中美战略环境影响评价制度的比较研究

《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》的颁布实施是我国环保工作的积极成果。进一步研究战略环境影响评价是完全必要的。在阐明战略环境影响评价的含义、基本特点和比较中美两国战略环境影响评价制度的基础上为建立完善我国战略环境影响评价制度提出有益的建议。     

美国流域治理与公益诉讼司法实践及其启示

为应对水体污染,促进河流、湖泊和湿地健康,美国自上个世纪70以来逐步发展出一套由行政机关、检察官和公民社会主导的多元治理机制,在流域保护立法与司法实践中所积累的成功经验与失败教训能为我国提供借鉴。我国在面对"两化叠加"治理难题时,应确立融合平衡理念,进一步创新环境治理手段,拓展司法保护机制,同时完善协商和解途径,充分发挥社会各方面力量。     

Trade and the environment in North America

Environmental assessments of trade agreements remain in its infancy, and demonstrate that trade in itself will not green our economies. By examining various aspects of the environmental effects of trade in North America, this special issue not only contributes to deepening our understanding of the key issues in the trade and environment debate, but also helps to formulate mutually supportive trade and environmental policies.     

论我国环境税收制度的构建和完善

环境税收是国家在环境管理中所运用的重要的经济激励工具,其实质是建立一种经济利益刺激机制,通过发挥税收的行为激励和资金筹集双重职能,使环境污染和生态破坏的社会成本内化到生产成本和市场价格中去,再通过市场来分配资源,最终实现控制环境污染和改善环境质量的环境政策和法律目标。按照实现可持续发展的要求调整我国现行税制,借鉴西方国家经验、立足我国具体国情,逐步建立起相对完备的环境税收制度,是我国税法建设的重要目标。     

生态化产业结构法律制度构建缘由——一个制度经济学的路径探析

日益严重的环境问题已经成为我国经济发展的“瓶颈,”而失衡的产业结构又加重了环境问题的严重性,治理环境问题与产业结构的调整已不容反思。通过制度经济学的路径分析,发现环境问题与产业结构失衡存在共同的制度根源——市场失灵和政府失灵。对于“双重失灵”的存在,有效处方是构建生态化的产业结构法律制度。