犯罪学的成就、困惑与挑战——中国犯罪学学会第十八次学术研讨会述评

30年前，在刑法学中孕育的犯罪学，如今成为了令人瞩目的新兴学科。在研究方法上，从注重思辨研究到实证研究与思辨研究并重；在知识构成上，从吸取法学、心理学、社会学等学科的研究成果到兼收并蓄与特色理论建设并举。当前我国的犯罪学研究，也面临本体理论创新不足、支撑学科发展的职业需求滞后、实证研究水平不高等问题，本届学术会议对这些问题的关注有助于促进犯罪学成为更加成熟的一门学科。     

竞技体育犯罪概念的阐释

对竞技体育犯罪的概念进行探讨，能使我们更加全面地、准确地认识和理解竞技体育犯罪这一社会现象，为从其他方面阐释竞技体育犯罪打好基础。     

论犯罪学犯罪概念与刑法犯罪概念的区别

在研究犯罪问题时,人们习惯于以刑法犯罪定义作为思考的逻辑出发点。事实上,除了通行的刑法犯罪概念外,还有犯罪学中的犯罪概念。只有正确认识两种犯罪概念的联系与区别的实质所在,才能避免认识上的误区并形成科学的犯罪观念。两种犯罪概念虽有联系,但区别是根本性的,这就是二者对犯罪的本质特征——社会危害性是从各自的立场去理解和把握的。较之刑法犯罪概念,犯罪学中的犯罪只遵从于危害社会行为的客观性,既不受刑事违法性要素的制约,也不对应于刑罚处罚。     

INDIVIDUAL STABILITY OF ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR FROM CHILDHOOD TO ADULTHOOD: TESTING THE STABILITY POSTULATE OF MOFFITT'S DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY*

This paper presents a test of Moffitt's (1993) prediction on the stability of longitudinal antisocial behavior, using data from the South‐Holland Study. Aggressive (overt) and non‐aggressive antisocial (covert) behaviors were measured when subjects were 6–11 years old, and at follow‐ups when they were 12–17 years old and 20–25 years old. In accordance with the postulate, we did find a higher level of stability of overt behavior from childhood to adulthood, compared with childhood to adolescence, especially in combination with early manifestations of status violations and/or covert behavior in childhood. Results related to the stability of covert behavior were not in accordance with the prediction, but did support the recently proposed adjustment to the starting age of the adult phase.     

论我国犯罪学研究对象的结构性缺失

我国的犯罪学应控制和减少犯罪的客观需要而产生，学科任务决定了犯罪学的研究对象是犯罪现象，但是，当前我国犯罪学对犯罪现象的研究存在着结构性缺失，即注重对“初级犯罪现象”的研究，忽视了对作为犯罪对策效果的“次级犯罪现象”的研究，从而导致犯罪学理论体系在完整性上存在缺陷。要完善犯罪学研究对象的结构性缺失，应当从两个方面着手，在理论上构建犯罪（刑事）学科一体化；在实践中加强对犯罪对策实施效果的实证研究。     

犯罪学科学性视野下我国犯罪学若干认识误区之辨明——兼论关系犯罪学之提倡

我国犯罪学存在若干认识误区,在科学性方面有待加强。犯罪概念方面的误区表现在混淆了研究对象层面上的犯罪和概念层面上的犯罪,过于追求犯罪概念的精确化,忽视犯罪概念的心理学考察。研究方法方面的误区表现在认为犯罪是不可以量化的,量化就是有数据,忽视测量量具的标准化,认为犯罪研究是纯客观的。在犯罪学体系方面,传统犯罪学体系因其逻辑结构的大众化、通俗化和易滥用性不利于犯罪学往纵深方向发展。建立在关系哲学和实证分析基础上的关系犯罪学成为当今犯罪学体系的理想选择。     

困境与出路：关于我国犯罪学实证研究的思考

我国的犯罪学研究之所以提不出切合实际需要的理论观点,其中的一个重要原因就是缺乏对犯罪问题作实证性的分析和研究。而影响实证研究的客观原因主要是实际部门不配合、经费投入有限,主观原因主要是研究者本人缺乏相应的素质。解决问题的办法:一是资源共享,利益均占;二是立项倾斜,加大投入;三是加强人员培训,提高专业素质。     

有组织犯罪概念之界定

目前,国内外仍没有一个得到普遍接受与公认的有组织犯罪概念。本文从犯罪学和刑法学的不同角度对有组织犯罪概念进行了分析,并论证了国际上尽早规定一个统一的有组织犯罪概念的必要性和可能性。     

Technology, Criminology and Crime Science

Developments in technology have changed the environment of crime, which, in some of its new forms, poses a serious threat to society. At the same time the technologies of crime control are being transformed. If criminology is to respond adequately to this changed environment, it must make radical changes in its mission, its theories and its methodologies, the collective result of which would be to make the discipline more directly relevant to crime control and prevention. This would enhance the effectiveness of these activities and would also open up new and exciting career opportunities for criminologists. If criminology does not change, it will become eclipsed by crime science and will find it increasingly hard to survive – even in the protected environment of universities.     

Campus Crime Beat: The Challenges of Doing Feminist Criminology in the Academy

One of the persistent problems with academic life is that one is encouraged to tell the truth, whether in research, the classroom, or the department meeting. For feminists, graduate school in particular stresses the importance of meticulously documenting girls' and women's lives, which have been rendered invisible by virtually all fields. Although these days the idea of truth is contentious, in the real world in which feminist academics and feminist criminologists in particular work, real problems that women confront (like sexual harassment, discrimination, and workplace violence) continue. Documenting these problems on their own campuses is a particular burden that feminist criminologists as well as others have taken on. It produces genuine challenges in a career that relies heavily on collegiality and civility. This article reflects on the costs of telling it like it is while also considering the long-term benefits, such as they are, of bringing the feminist perspective fully into the field of criminology.