论多层面犯罪理论整合模型——以科学发展观为视角

随着西方犯罪学理论的引进和我国本土犯罪学理论的衍生，我国犯罪学理论呈现出争奇斗妍、互相争鸣的局面。如何保证犯罪学遵循科学发展观指明的道路健康发展，对刑事司法更好地发挥指导作用？我们认为有必要对犯罪学理论进行验证和整合。通过对理论整合的三种观点进行讨论，我们认为对犯罪学理论既不能不整合，也不能整合过度。结合犯罪学界四种整合模型，我们提出了多层面整合模型，并论证了整合的四个原则：整合的底限是要保证理论的科学性；整合的目的是要能解释尽可能多的犯罪现象；整合的方法是多层面、有限制；整合之后的新理论仍然需要进一步的验证。     

被害人学与犯罪学之间关系的辩证思索

被害人学与犯罪学之间的关系问题是学界的一个宿疑.该理论问题非常根始终莫衷一是.如果将发展变化、整体宏观的辩证思维运用于该理论问题的思索,问题可得迎刃而解:两学科之间的关系是发展变化的,且终应走向学科整合.     

The Representation of Females in Criminological Research

Abstract

Content analysis of criminological research articles published in various American and British journals between 1895 and 1997 is used to assess concerns about the representation of females in the study of crime and delinquency. Findings reveal a severe and long-term underrepresentation of females in criminological research. This appears to be related to the tendency of numerically dominant male researchers to focus on male subjects. However, research on and about females has not been conducted primarily by female researchers nor has the focus of such research been mainly on such a “female” offense as prostitution. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

Book review

This article looks at the vast contributions political philosopher Hal Pepinsky has made to effecting a peaceful, needs‐meeting vision of justice in the academic fields of criminology and criminal justice over the past three decades. The article examines his life's work as reflected in his most recent book, Peacemaking: Reflections of a Radical Criminologist. This work demonstrates that those who push the boundaries of scholarly disciplines, such as he has done, sometimes find themselves in conflict with those most invested in controlling the allocation of the rewards those disciplines mete out. As Professor Pepinsky increasingly became an outsider he took the risk of taking on the burdens of other outsiders whose pain and suffering the vast majority of his academic colleagues turned their eyes from.     

Positive criminology and imprisoned sex offenders: Demonstration of a way out from a criminal spin through acceptance relationships

Abstract

The purpose of this qualitative research was to examine the change process experienced by imprisoned sex offenders during incarceration from the standpoint of emerging positive criminology perspective. The participants were 38 males incarcerated in two prisons in Israel who had been convicted of various sexual offences. The participants underwent individual in-depth, face-to-face interviews, lasting several hours each. Initially, the findings suggested a tendency for offences to escalate over time, referred to as a “criminal spin”, which can be stopped only by external intervention. Most of the participants also reported that they experienced positive changes during the current imprisonment, associated with broad support received from various sources. This suggests a possible way out of the criminal spin by exposing offenders to the human and social acceptance of meaningful agents, thus supporting the positive criminology perspective. In addition to their theoretical contribution, the findings have practical implications for the assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of sex offenders.     

认真对待近代犯罪学

中国近代犯罪学是在学习和译介西方犯罪学经典著作的基础之上起步的。可贵的是,近代犯罪学先驱们对于西方犯罪学的译介保持了一种理性的态度,并没有忽视对中国本土犯罪问题的关注。相对而言,近代中国的犯罪学研究可谓"相当兴旺发达",近代学者的不懈努力为中国犯罪学的发展奠定了良好基础。但是,当代中国犯罪学的起步基本上抛弃了近代犯罪学所创造的学术基础,对近代犯罪学的了解和评价充满了误解,这种状况亟需改变。     

The power few: experimental criminology and the reduction of harm

The promise of experimental criminology is finding ways to reduce harm from crime and injustice. The problem of experimental criminology is that so few experiments produce evidence of big effects from the interventions they test. One solution to this problem may be concentrating scarce resources for experiments on the “power few:” the small percentage of places, victims, offenders, police officers or other units in any distribution of crime or injustice which produces the greatest amount of harm. By increasing the homogeneity and base rates of the samples enrolled in each experiment, the power few hypothesis predicts increased statistical power to detect program effects. With greater investment of resources, and possibly less variant responses to greater dosages of intervention—especially interventions of support, as distinct from punishment—we may also increase our chances of finding politically acceptable interventions that will work.

Lost in Translation: Doing (And Not Doing) Ethnographic Research in Village India

This paper is a reflection on the difficulties of conducting criminological research in rural India. It tells the story of two periods of ethnographic fieldwork (1999 and 2002) conducted in one North Indian village (pseudonym: Nagaria). This article is written in the ‘tales from the field’ narrative tradition, relying primarily on my own fieldwork experience and later reflections, and intentionally making little reference to the methodological literature. Much of the paper - particularly the fieldwork extracts - is written in the ‘ethnographic present’. A dramaturgical approach is adopted (Goffman 1959), with a focus on the ways in which social interaction may be understood as performance. Theatrical terminology is used to underscore the ways in which field relationships may be stage managed. Contrary to conventional notions of the power of the researcher, in this tale from the field it becomes clear that the superior acting skills of gatekeepers and key informants led to the upstaging of this ethnographer.

犯罪研究呼唤严谨的学风——兼质疑“原始社会存在犯罪”之观点

犯罪学研究需要严谨的学风。当前有些犯罪学研究者用歪曲的手段摘引经典著作,"改造"经典作家发表论著,误导读者。以"原始社会存在犯罪"这一观点为例,研究者没有很好地研究马克思和恩格斯的经典著作,断章取义,导致错误结论。犯罪学研究者应恪守尊重引文作者原意的原则,为学术研究作出真正意义上的科学贡献。     

犯罪心理现象中危险心结探析

当人的一种心理历程因刺激和特定经历而出现了某种心理发展的抑制、偏执、结滞状态,由此出现异于他本人常态的行为表现并出现危害社会的行为,这就是因危险心结而出现的犯罪心理现象。因危险心结犯罪者不同于有危险人格的犯罪者,他们曾有正常生活轨迹,他们的犯罪具有让人意外性、突发性、甚至变态性。研究这类犯罪心理现象对于预防这类犯罪具有价值。