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171.
近年来我国才开始对计算机取证进行相关研究。建立相应的取证实验室,培养计算机取证专业人才,是高等院校特别是公安院校的迫切任务。1.建立计算机证据取证教育体系的建设原则;2.构建多层次的知识结构教育体系;3.静态取证与动态取证并重的教育教学;等。 相似文献
172.
万军 《河南公安高等专科学校学报》2014,(1):86-89
河砂属于矿产资源,对严重的非法采砂行为予以刑事打击具有充分的法律及行政法规依据。定罪时必须严格依照犯罪构成要件,量刑时需分清各行为人在共同犯罪中所起的作用。行政执法机关在收集证据时要格外慎重,实体和程序都要符合法律及司法解释规定。目前长江河砂主管部门不能出具鉴定意见。但可以对专门性问题向司法机关提供检验报告。 相似文献
173.
高哲远 《河南公安高等专科学校学报》2014,(1):102-106
近年来,毒品犯罪案件高发,对社会有着较大的负面影响。在司法实践中,对毒品类犯罪案件在处理过程中往往在案件的证据方面呈现出证据困境,从而导致对行为人的定罪量刑存在一定阻碍。通过分析毒品犯罪类案件证据困境的根源,以提出解决证据问题应当坚持的原则和具体的实践路径。 相似文献
174.
王伟 《四川警官高等专科学校学报》2012,(5):70-74
实验目的：不锈钢刀面上两种不同物质的重叠指印分离,包括（1）分离不锈钢刀面上先汗液后灰尘指印和先灰尘后汗液指印,（2）分离不锈钢刀面上先血后灰尘指印,（3）先灰后血指印和分离不锈钢刀面上先油后灰尘指印和先灰后油指印。实验（1）中汗液与灰尘指印,无论是灰尘在上还是在下,分离出来的汗液和灰尘指印效果都比较好,都有较高的检验价值。实验结果：实验（2）中灰尘与血指印,无论血和灰尘谁在上或在下,分离出来的血指印和灰尘指印效果都比较理想,具有较高的检验价值。实验（3）中灰尘与油指印,无论油指印在上或是在下,效果都比较理想,但灰尘指印的按捺顺序对灰尘指印有一定影响。 相似文献
175.
司法鉴定人的主体地位决定其是改善和健全现阶段司法鉴定制度的根本途径和关键环节。在当前司法实践中鉴定人出庭难、出庭率低等已成为亟待解决的弊病。高校司法鉴定人作为鉴定人的重要组成部分。在保障当事人合法权益、推进鉴定理论化进程等方面发挥着重要作用。高校司法鉴定人以其身份之特殊性在当今司法鉴定领域承栽着特殊的意义,对其出庭等相关问题的妥善解决必将打开完善我国司法鉴定人出庭制度的关键一环。 相似文献
176.
近年来,对错案的讨论成为热点,这在一定程度上反映出刑事证据法律规则的缺失导致对侦查取证的监控和管理不力。司法实践中在证据的收集、固定、保管等方面存在不少问题,为此需要在分析侦查取证环节常发问题的成因的基础上,进一步探讨完善侦查取证的对策,并对确立侦查取证规则的相关基础理论进行反思。 相似文献
177.
《Science & justice》2020,60(2):108-119
Forensic criminology examines the use of forensic science in society. Justice can be hampered, for example, if the communication of forensic scientific findings is unclear or misleading, even if unintentionally. Although various recommendations guide the communication of forensic science, it is unclear whether they are reflected in practice. This study explored the communication of forensic biology in 10 cases of major crimes against the person heard in the Tasmanian Supreme Court, where the standard practice is to issue brief summary reports in the first instance. The content of expert reports and corresponding testimony was analysed to determine its adherence to recommendations outlined in standards, practice notes, and research. While reports were found to be very brief, testimony elaborated on all major elements. Mostly elicited by the prosecution, some elements were volunteered by expert witnesses, or raised by defence. Overall, expert evidence in courts—but not reports (due to the use of brief summary reports)—largely adhered to recommendations. Further research is needed to determine the prevalence and effectiveness of alternative approaches to communication that were identified in certain cases. 相似文献
178.
179.
《Science & justice》2022,62(2):129-136
Empirical studies evaluating the conditions under which the transfer of forensic materials occurs can provide contextual information and offer insight into how that material may have been transferred in a given scenario. Here, a reductionist approach was taken to assess the impact of force, time, and rotation on the transfer of an explosive compound. An Instron ElectroPuls E3000 material testing instrument was used to bring porous and non-porous surfaces adulterated with an ammonium nitrate into direct contact with a human skin analogue, controlling for the force of contact, duration of contact, and rotation applied during contact. Quantifiable amounts of ammonium nitrate were recovered from all of the recipient surfaces demonstrating that ammonium nitrate is readily transferred from one surface to another, even when contact occurs for a short duration with a relatively low force. More particulates were transferred from non-porous surfaces onto the human skin analogue, but the amount of ammonium nitrate transferred did not depend upon the force of contact, duration of contact, or the amount of rotation applied. However, when contact occurred and involved rotation, a greater transfer of ammonium nitrate was observed, compared to those contacts occurring without rotation being applied. This approach complements more commonly-used holistic experiments that test multiple interacting variables in a realistic setting by isolating these variables, allowing them to be examined individually. This can be utilised to better understand the individual impact that specific variables have on the transfer of trace evidence in relevant crime reconstruction contexts. 相似文献
180.
《Science & justice》2023,63(4):551-561
The findings from a bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) may assist in formulating or falsifying scenarios that are considered in the investigative stages of a criminal investigation. When a case proceeds to trial the bloodstain pattern expert may be asked about the relevance of their findings given scenarios that are proposed by the prosecution and defense counsel. Such opinions provided by an expert are highly relevant to police investigation or legal proceedings, but the reasoning behind the opinion or implicit assumptions made by the expert may not be transparent.A proper framework for the evaluation of forensic findings has been developed since the late twentieth century, based on the hierarchy of propositions, Bayesian reasoning and a model for case assessment and interpretation. This framework, when implemented in casework, mitigates some of the risks of cognitive biases, and makes the reasoning and scientific basis for the opinion transparent. This framework is broadly used across forensic science disciplines. In this paper we describe its application to the field of BPA using a case example from the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI). 相似文献