关于新刑诉法中“技术侦查措施”规定的理解

新刑诉法对“技术侦查措施”有新的规定.解读这些规定主要涉及以下方面内容:技术侦查措施的含义及其特点、种类、技术侦查措施与常规刑技措施的区别;技术侦查措施的三个适用范围、一个适用环节、三个适用对象的立法规定;技术侦查措施的控制原则、使用主体、批准与决定主体、执行王体、审批程序、监督机制;使用技术侦查措施获取证据材料的证据效力的条件、证据材料使用规则.     

“中国梦”引领下我国外交政策走向分析

从一个国际视角来看,“中国梦”与世界的和平发展有着密切联系.“中国梦”的提出不仅对中华民族的复兴和中国的外交事业发展有着重大的指导意义,而且对推动世界和平发展产生重大影响,其实现也离不开一个有利的国际环境.当前,“中国梦”的实现正处于重要战略机遇期,国际环境中既有诸多挑战,也存在很多机遇.为此,中国未来的外交事业应当顺应世界潮流,结合自身现实,积极调整规划战略,为“中国梦”的实现打造一个有利的国际环境.     

瑕疵证据补正规则存在的问题及建议

在刑事诉讼的各个阶段都会遇到瑕疵证据。当前瑕疵证据补正规则存在缺乏程序限制、补正范围过大、判断标准不清等问题。应进一步完善刑事诉讼证据规则,建立补正的程序机制,明确补正的范围和细化审查判断的标准。     

Novel recovery methods for biological materials in cases of alleged sexual assault: A word of caution

Many believe that an increase in the public confidence in the investigation of sexual crimes, and in conviction rates, will lead to an increase in the reporting of these crimes. Consequently, Forensic Science Providers are continually striving to make improvements in evidence recovery and examination and the subsequent interpretation of evidence. One development is in methods that enable an individual to self-sample. However, in cases where a complainant has self-sampled, questions of when the samples were taken, how they were stored and so on, can be legitimately raised. Additionally the continuity and integrity of evidential samples may be questioned resulting in them not being acceptable to the courts and potential evidence could therefore be lost. There is a large emotional and psychological impact of sexual assault and rape and no complainant who reports a sexual assault and recovers material should have that evidence inadmissible to a court. Specialised units for victims of alleged sexual violence are available and offer far more than the recovery of evidential samples. This commentary on behalf of the Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine (FFLM) and the Association of Forensic Science Providers Body Fluid Forum (AFSP BFF) highlights the need for after care for the victims of sexual assault and why all evidence recovered in cases of alleged sexual assault and sexual violence should be obtained in line with best practice protocols.     

The Impact of Negative Forensic Evidence on Mock Jurors’ Perceptions of a Trial of Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault

Legal concerns with regard to the adverse impact of a negative toxicological screening for date-rape drugs in a case of drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) were the focus of a recent Canadian case (R. v. Alouache, 2003). To assess the impact of a negative forensic report, as well as the impact of expert testimony explaining the many factors that may contribute to a negative outcome, participants (N=171) received a written trial stimulus in which the forensic evidence (negative report, negative report plus expert testimony, no negative report and no expert testimony control) and the complainant's beverage consumption (alcohol, cola) were systematically varied. Results indicate that a negative finding in the absence of expert testimony produced greater verdict leniency and more favourable evaluations of the defendant's case. In contrast, no differences were found between the case in which the expert testified and a case in which the negative report and expert testimony were omitted.

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Statistical Inference and Forensic Evidence: Evaluating a Bullet Lead Match

This experiment tested the ability of undergraduate mock jurors (N=295) to draw appropriate conclusions from statistical data on the diagnostic value of forensic evidence. Jurors read a summary of a homicide trial in which the key evidence was a bullet lead "match" that was either highly diagnostic, non-diagnostic, or of unknown diagnostic value. There was also a control condition in which the forensic "match" was not presented. The results indicate that jurors as a group used the statistics appropriately to distinguish diagnostic from non-diagnostic forensic evidence, giving considerable weight to the former and little or no weight to the latter. However, this effect was attributable to responses of a subset of jurors who expressed confidence in their ability to use statistical data. Jurors who lacked confidence in their statistical ability failed to distinguish highly diagnostic from non-diagnostic forensic evidence; they gave no weight to the forensic evidence regardless of its diagnostic value. Confident jurors also gave more weight to evidence of unknown diagnostic value. Theoretical and legal implications are discussed.     

Evaluation of preliminary isotopic analysis (13C and 15N) of explosives A likelihood ratio approach to assess the links between semtex samples

Currently, the use of isotopic ratio as corroborative evidence in criminal trials is explored. Beyond the analytical challenges that have been reported elsewhere, the crucial issue of the interpretation of analytical results in a fair and balanced way remains poorly documented. The aim of this paper is to propose a likelihood ratio approach for the evaluation of stable isotope data acquired from semtex samples. It will also lead to recommendations in relation to the acquisition of normalised international data.     

当前街面“两抢一盗”案件讯问中强化证据意识的思考

在办理街面“两抢一盗”现行案件时,有些侦查人员在侦查讯问中,因为证据意识不强,所收集的证据不确实、充分,达不到《刑事诉讼法》的要求。因此,在侦查讯问中要强化证据意识,树立全程诉讼理念,明确获取证据的范围和内容,“稳、准、狠”地打击此类犯罪。     

程序和实质：鉴定结论发挥证明作用的双重保障——以物证鉴定为例

鉴定是鉴定结论的基础。意欲鉴定结论发挥应有的证明作用,除了对鉴定活动施以必要的程序规范外,还必需对鉴定的实质运作加以干预——即对鉴定佐以质量控制。但是,我国目前有关鉴定制度的改革及完善,忽略了鉴定的质量控制及鉴定方法的标准化问题。此外,本文还分析了现行诉讼制度下,鉴定结论的质证得以落实并最终发挥证明作用的三大要素:鉴定结论的质证主体要素、质证的程序性保障及质证的内容选择。