HAIRVEQ 2006: evolution of laboratories' performance after different educational actions

HAIRVEQ is a proficiency testing program for hair analysis of illicit drugs organized by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Rome, Italy) and the Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (Barcelona, Spain). The aim of the three exercises performed in 2006 was the evaluation of 32 laboratories' performance when analyzing the same hair sample containing opiates, cocaine and methadone, after carrying out some specific educational interventions. In the first round, the sample was sent to be analyzed following laboratory routine methodology. In the second round, standard operating procedures (SOP) for hair testing including sample preparation, method validation and qualitative and quantitative data evaluation, and an open hair sample for SOP training were also sent together with other hair samples including the one used for performance evaluation. After the second round, a workshop was held with participant laboratories to discuss methodological issues and interpretation of obtained results. An additional amount of open samples was distributed to the laboratories for implementing the SOPs. In the third round, the same unknown sample containing opiates, cocaine and methadone was resent for the final evaluation of laboratory performance. In the first round, 11 incorrect qualitative results (10 false negative and 1 false positive) were reported by seven laboratories (22%), in the second round, a reduction in the number of incorrect results was observed (4 false negatives and 1 false positive were reported by four laboratories, 13%) and in the third round, 5 false positives and 5 false negatives were reported by seven laboratories (22%). Concerning quantitative results, the scatter was similar between the three rounds and similar to the ones reported by other proficiency tests in hair analysis. More educational actions should be addressed to a group of laboratories, which did not yet show satisfying qualitative and quantitative results.     

略论我国社会预警和应急管理法律体系的现状及其完善

我国已初步建立以《突发事件应对法》为基本法、大量单行立法与之并存的应急管理法律体系,但形式上仍需加强统一立法,制定统一的《紧急状态法》和《灾害救助和补偿法》等法律;内容方面应当重视程序制度建设,包括内部程序制度化和将民众参与纳入应对机制,扩展行政指导等柔性执法方式在危机应对中的应用,建立灾害保险制度,完善灾害救助和补偿制度等。     

Theorizing Postcolonial Deliberation and Deliberative Peacebuilding

Given a legitimation problem of vertical (state vs society) and horizontal (modernity vs tradition) inequalities and differences as a historical and cultural cause of conflict, deliberation is instrumental in addressing this legitimation problem and transforming conflict into peace in the postcolonial, post-conflict context. Although deliberation has gained academic attention as a means of addressing the legitimation crisis in Western liberal democracies, its application to contemporary peacebuilding remains under-researched. This article thus aims to theorize postcolonial deliberation and deliberative peacebuilding, highlighting postcolonial history and culture and the critical role that agencies have played in deliberation to re-legitimize the non-Western polity and transform conflict into peace. It then deduces a hypothetical mechanism of the different paths to peace either with or without the external intervention that signifies how agencies deliberate.     

To adapt or to disregard? Parties’ reactions to external shocks

How do parties react to unanticipated events such as external shocks? Do they adapt to the consequences of the external shock or do they disregard them? Using the global financial crisis as an empirical example and testing the expectations for parties’ economic policy shifts in 23 European democracies based on Chapel Hill Expert Survey data, the article demonstrates that government parties react more to an external shock than opposition parties, particularly in countries where the external shock has been more severe. This has implications for a broader literature in comparative politics by fostering the dialogue between the political economy literature on external shocks and the literature on party policy shifts by showing the significant impact exogenous events can have on party positioning.     

中国经济内外均衡的政策工具搭配研究

自1994年汇率体制改革以来,中国的宏观经济调控一直以经济增长、充分就业和物价稳定为最为重要的目标,忽视了国际收支平衡这个目标.随着对外开放的不断深入,外部失衡问题愈加严重,并且对中国经济的内部均衡目标造成了巨大的冲击,因此目前有必要加快转变原有的宏观经济调控方式,把国际收支平衡纳入宏观经济调控的目标体系.本文在深入分析中国外部经济失衡原因的基础上,根据丁伯根的汇率政策模型,提出了短期实现内外经济均衡发展的政策工具搭配,为实现中国内外经济均衡这一目标提供了新的研究视角.在此基础上,本文也提出了长期实现其内外经济均衡发展的政策建议.     

中药熏泡合糖皮质激素外用治疗手足部慢性角化性湿疹32例

目的:观察中药熏洗治疗手足部慢性角化性湿疹的临床疗效.方法:将符合纳入标准的88例手足部慢性湿疹患者随机分为中药组、西药组、中西医结合组.中药组外用自拟中药煎剂熏洗,西药组外用丙酸氯倍他索软膏,中西医结合组采用中药组与西药组两种疗法相结合进行治疗.结果:中西医结合组临床总有效率为100.0%,西药组为61.5%,中药组为80.0%.中药组与西药组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.127);中西医结合组总有效率显著高于西药组(P=0.000),高于中药组,但差异无显著性(连续校正χ2检验,P=0.026).结论:中药熏泡配合糖皮质激素外用可显著提高手足部慢性角化性湿疹的临床疗效.     

我国行政体制改革的动力机制研究

改革开放以来,随着我国政治、经济体制改革和社会结构的逐渐转型,我国行政体制也在不断调整、改革与完善。特别社会主义市场经济体制的确立,要求我国行政体制进行根本性的制度创新与变革。我国行政体制改革有其历史的和逻辑的必然性,但改革行动总是在一定力量的推动下才得以发起,本文从系统论的角度出发,对我国行政体制改革的外部动力与内部动力机制进行了理论分析,旨在明确行政体制改革的动力之源以提升行政体制改革的质量,推进我国行政体制的完善。     

The Portuguese adaptation of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS1) in a sample of inmates

This paper comprises two studies which address the validity of the Portuguese adaptation of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, GSS1. In study 1, the means and standard deviations for the suggestibility results of a sample of Portuguese inmates (N = 40, M_age = 37.5 years, SD = 8.1) were compared to those of a sample of Icelandic inmates (Gudjonsson, 1997; Gudjonsson & Sigurdsson, 1996). Portuguese inmates' results were in line with the original results. In study 2, the means and standard deviations for the suggestibility results of the sample of Portuguese inmates were compared to those of a general Portuguese population sample (N = 57, M_age = 36.1 years, SD = 12.7). The forensic sample obtained significantly higher scores in suggestibility measures than the general population sample. ANOVA confirmed that the increased suggestibility in the inmates sample was due to the limited memory capacity of this latter group. Given that the results of both studies 1 and 2 are in keeping with the author's original results (Gudjonsson, 1997), this may be regarded as a confirmation of the validity of the Portuguese GSS1.     

浅析国民待遇原则、改善投资环境与我国涉外所得税制改革

2 0 0 1年 12月 11日我国正式成为世贸组织的成员方。入世后 ,我国要遵守世贸组织的原则和规则。国民待遇原则就要求我国内资企业与外资企业税收的一致 ,如果我国对涉外税制特别是涉外所得税制进行调整 ,势必会损害我国投资环境的改善。如何做到既符合国民待遇原则的要求 ,又不致损害我国的投资环境 ,就成为目前我们所面临的重要课题 ,本文就此问题作一些简要的阐述。     

中药外用治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床观察

目的:观察中药外用治疗膝骨性关节炎的疗效.方法:将58例膝骨性关节炎患者随机分为治疗组(35例)和对照组(23例),治疗组采用中药外敷和熏洗,对照组内服芬必得,治疗6周后按JOA的膝骨性关节炎治疗效果判定标准进行打分评估.结果:治疗组优良率为85.7%,对照组优良率为82.6%.治疗组在改善关节屈曲角度及强直挛缩方面优于对照组(P<0.05),且没有内服药的不良反应.结论:中药外治法是非手术治疗膝骨性关节炎的一种可行方法.