英国盎格鲁—撒克逊时代对杀人和伤害行为的法律规制——以古代中国为参照

人类早期的法律最能体现民族的本性,也最能揭示其法律传统的特色。通过对盎格鲁—撒克逊时代杀人和伤害行为法律规制的考察,兼与历史发展同期的中国法相对照,我们发现,盎格鲁—撒克逊社会主要认可民间解决问题的方法,肯定"私力救济",反映了当时英格兰国家权力因素还没有占据了绝对上峰,社会成员享有较多的"个人自治"空间。中国采取的是自上而下命令式的解决途径,明显带有压迫性,从而扼制了人民权利与自由意识的发展。     

The genetics of eye colours in an Italian population measured with an objective method for eye colour quantification

Brown and blue eye colours are primarily explained by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) HERC2 rs12913832. However, the genetics of eye colours that appear to be neither blue nor brown are not well understood. In this study, 230 unrelated Italian individuals were typed for 32 SNP loci in pigmentary genes. High resolution digital images of the participants’ eyes were taken and the iris region was successfully extracted with the use of the custom designed software Digital Iris Analysis Tool (DIAT) from 218 of the 230 (95%) images. The software counted the numbers of blue and brown pixels in the iris region and calculated a Pixel Index of the Eye (PIE-score) that described the eye colours quantitatively. The PIE-score ranged from −1 to 1 (brown to blue). We investigated the association of the PIE-scores extracted from the eye images with the genotypes of the 32 pigmentary SNPs. We observed a statistically significant association between the PIE-scores and the SNP loci rs12913832, rs4778241, rs7495174 in the HERC2/OCA2 region and the locus rs16891982 in SLC45A2.     

椎间盘突出的伤情鉴定

通过对30例椎间盘突出的案例的伤情鉴定,比较系统地介绍了椎间盘突出的病因及鉴定中需注意的问题.事实上,椎间盘退行性变是突出的内因,真正外伤性的很少.     

Axonal injury in young pediatric head trauma: a comparison study of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) immunohistochemical staining in traumatic and nontraumatic deaths

We tested the independent utility of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) immunohistochemical staining as evidence of brain trauma in the deaths of young children. Blinded reviewers retrospectively reviewed immunostained brain tissues from homicidal deaths, age-matched control cases without evidence of trauma, as well as cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The reviewers correctly identified five of the seven cases with documented inflicted head trauma. However, one of seven age-matched control cases and one of 10 SIDS/sudden unexplained death in infancy (SUDI) cases demonstrated staining patterns similar to those seen in cases of inflicted trauma. We discuss these cases and the circumstances surrounding them with the intent to explain the difficulties associated with immunohistological interpretation of axonal injury. Although the utility of β-APP is quite powerful if not confounded by global hypoxic-ischemic injury, ultimately, β-APP studies should be only one piece of information in the determination of cause and manner of death.     

158例"周围神经损伤"法医学鉴定分析

目的 研究"周围神经损伤"法医学鉴定案件的特点,探讨如何运用临床资料、法医检查和神经电生理检测结果等对周围神经损伤者进行法医学鉴定.方法收集临床诊断为"周围神经损伤"的158例法医学鉴定案件,对其个体特征、损伤情况、鉴定结果、夸大与伪装情况等进行统计分析.结果 在158例"周围神经损伤"案件中以男性、青壮年及无业人员多...     

精神损伤伤害因素参与度的意义及研究进展

在司法精神病鉴定中,经常涉及对被鉴定人造成伤害的事件参与度的评估问题。伤害因素参与度反映了加害方对受害人造成伤害程度的大小,是加害方就有关伤害的结局承担应有责任的量化指标。伤害因素参与度是法庭判决依据中迫切需要的证据。我国目前尚无公认的、操作性强的、可客观反映伤害事件参与程度大小的量化工具。本文复习了国内外对精神损伤伤害因素参与度的研究进展。对精神损伤伤害因素参与度的概念、内涵、相关评估方法进行了概述,并分析了伤害因素参与度评估中存在的问题及今后的研究趋势。     

大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤后海马热休克蛋白质70mRNA表达

目的 研究大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)后大脑海马中热休克蛋白质(heat-shockproteins,HSP)70 mRNA的表达变化.方法 采用RT-PCR扩增,扩增产物用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检验,观察DAI后大鼠海马中HSP70 mRNA的表达变化.结果 损伤后4h,大鼠海马中...     

对当前我国医疗损害技术鉴定制度的思考

随着<侵权责任法>的实施,医疗纠纷司法鉴定将在医疗损害中起着越来越重要的作用.目前我国的医疗损害技术鉴定存在二元化的状态,有一定的优势也存在一定的弊端,建立统一、独立的医疗损害技术鉴定体系是非常必要的,这对切实保护医患双方的合法权益,依法公正解决医疗损害赔偿案件,构建和谐的医患关系有重要意义.     

甲醛溶液固定对ICP-MS检测电流损伤皮肤金属化的影响

目的探讨应用电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ICP-MS）技术检测甲醛溶液固定后电流损伤皮肤中金属元素。方法利用黄铜、铁电极材料以220V交流电电击兔子后肢,电损伤皮肤分别进行甲醛溶液固定1周、6个月后,应用ICP-MS对电流损伤皮肤中金属元素进行测定。结果与对照组皮肤比较,黄铜电击组皮肤中检测出Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb含量升高（P〈0.05）;固定1周、6个月后仍可检测出Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb成分,其中Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb含量电击组与固定组差异无统计学意义。与对照组比较,铁电击后皮肤中检测出Fe、Cr、Mn、Ni元素含量升高（P〈0.05）;固定组（1周和6个月）后Fe、Cr、Ni元素含量与电击组差异无统计学意义。结论 ICP-MS可作为检测电流损伤皮肤中金属元素的有效方法,甲醛溶液固定后触电皮肤仍可进行沉积的金属元素检测,且固定对皮肤金属元素的含量影响较小,该方法仍可为电流损伤诊断提供依据。     

医疗损害鉴定研究：江苏模式与北京模式比较——基于《侵权责任法》的视角分析

《侵权责任法》实施后我国并没有形成统一的医疗损害鉴定制度。江苏和北京高级法院分别对医疗损害鉴定的具体内容及部分具体鉴定制度进行了明确规定。二者最大的区别在于对医学会鉴定和法医鉴定这两种鉴定模式的优先选择不同。江苏模式优先选择医学会组织的医疗损害鉴定。能够从专业的角度保障医疗损害鉴定工作的完成．但建议加大力度完善医疗损害鉴定的监督机制及省属范围内的异地鉴定制度。北京模式则相对倾向医疗损害司法鉴定。建议完善医疗损害鉴定人的准入制度及医疗损害司法鉴定程序并构建医疗损害司法鉴定专家库。医疗损害司法鉴定制度构建过程中,建议遵循医疗损害鉴定统一性、专业性、标准化及监督的原则。