海上人身伤亡案件的法律适用

海上人身伤亡案件受害人有权选择请求加害方承担违约或侵权责任。违约或侵权行为是否构成应根据民法通则、海商法、合同法、劳动法等法律法规确定。违约责任以严格责任为一般原则,海商法规定承运人对旅客承担过错责任不合理。一般侵权行为归责原则为过错责任,而特殊侵权行为为无过错责任。现行的关于海上人身伤亡赔偿的法律、行政规章和司法解释对赔偿范围、损失计算、责任限制的规定标准不一,相互不协调,应予修正。     

损伤部位、类型与骑/推行自行车的相关性研究

目的通过对400例与自行车有关的交通事故｛骑车205例,推车195例｝尸检材料进行研究统计,判断损伤部位、类型与骑推行自行车是否存在相关性;方法对400例交通事故尸检材料中记载的尸表损伤进行分析,首先把损伤部位、损伤类型和交通方式作为三个分类变量,利用列联表分别检验损伤部位和交通方式之间的独立性,损伤类型和交通方式之间的独立性。在发现损伤部位、类型与交通方式之间不独立之后,我们把每一种损伤部位和类型(共21种)作为一个指标,进行两总体之差检验,检验每个指标在两种交通方式下差异是否显著。结果通过对以上资料进行分析发现,两种交通方式下差异显著的指标分别是:小腿骨折、大腿上段内侧挫伤、膝关节内侧挫伤、会阴部挫伤、小腿挫伤。     

根据皮肤瘢痕长度推算创口长度法医学鉴定引发的思考

在肢体损伤程度鉴定中,经常会涉及瘢痕长度的问题。由于受伤当时条件的限制,往往不能在第一时间准确测量出创口的长度。在实际检案中,根据瘢痕长度鉴定损伤程度,若瘢痕的长度处于临界值时就很可能引起双方当事人的争议。本文通过一起实际案例,分析了出现争议的常见原因,以及在处理此类问题时应注意的相关问题。     

Disentangling the Effects of Self-Protective Behaviors on the Risk of Injury in Assaults Against Women

Using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey, this paper attempts to disentangle the effects of self-protective behaviors on the risk of injury in assaults against women. Unlike previous research, in this study we address simultaneously three important conceptual and methodological issues: (1) type of self-protective behavior, (2) temporal sequencing of self-protective behavior in relation to injury, and (3) the victim/offender relationship. Results indicate that even after controlling for other contextual characteristics of an assault, the probability of a woman being injured was lowest when she employed non-physical resistance strategies such as arguing or reasoning with the offender. This was true for all types of offenders. However, for assaults involving intimates, the probability of injury was increased for women who physically resisted their attackers.     

论公安机关调解轻伤害案件的合法性

根据我国现行法律的规定 ,轻伤害案件的是作为自诉案件进行立法定位的。自诉案件的立法理念是平衡社会秩序与个人自由的法律价值 ,合理配置司法资源 ,解决当事人纠纷。公安机关调解轻伤害案件的行为符合自诉案件的立法理念 ,因而是合法的。     

我国人身损害赔偿制度的困境与超越

当代侵权行为法面临的危机在我国人身损害赔偿制度的困境中得到充分的体现,突出表现在制度功能、当事人心理和司法裁判方面,根源在于固守传统道德机理的人身损害赔偿制度无法应对现代复杂的侵权关系。解决的途径在于重新审视我国人身损害赔偿制度的功能体系、检讨精神损害和物质损害赔偿的操作方略,寻求解决危机的有效路径。     

无明显电流斑电损伤鉴定的研究进展

低压电电击死的法医学鉴定在形态上主要依据皮肤电流斑来确定,但在实际工作中尚有电流斑不明显,甚至缺如的案例,使鉴定工作产生一定难度.本文依据文献资料对电击伤的机制及无明显电流斑的电损伤的各种相关指标进行综述。     

Permanent Ocular Injury Following Paintball Pellet Hit: A Medicolegal Case

Paintball is a ubiquitous recreation, with severe and occasionally irreversible injuries. In this study, a rare medicolegal case of paintball‐related closed globe blunt ocular injury was described. An 18‐year‐old boy who was hit in his right eye by a paintball pellet presented with severe eye pain and blurred vision. Ophthalmologic examinations showed lid edema, conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctival laceration, subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal edema, anterior vitreous hemorrhage, congested sclera, commotio retinae, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, macular edema, and macular hole. After maximum medical improvement, the patient who sustained incurable maculopathy and decreased visual acuity was referred to the legal medicine center for appraisal of the impairment. AMA Guides was used to assess the impairment of the functional vision. Despite his monocular visual defect, the patient was rated in the range of mild vision loss namely AMA class 1 with 22 percentage visual system impairment.     

Preclinical Assessment of Safety and Efficacy of Fluorescent Dye for Detecting Dermal Injuries (the injuries were both abrasions and incision) in a Murine Model

Objective documentation of tears and abrasions to the external genitalia after sexual assault is an important part of the forensic examination. A 1% aqueous solution of toluidine blue (TB) dye is often used to highlight injury, but the dye can be difficult to see on dark skin. We evaluated a fluorescent dye for detecting injuries on all skin colors in a relevant preclinical murine model. We compared the ability of trained, blinded observers to detect unstained wounds and wounds stained with 1% fluorescein sodium (FL) and with TB. We also evaluated the cutaneous wound healing response after application of both dyes. The no‐dye group had significantly fewer (p < 0.05) true‐positive identifications compared to all the dye groups. No differences in effectiveness were detected between dye treatments. All groups exhibited statistically similar healing rates. These findings support the evaluation of fluorescein sodium in a future clinical study with human subjects.     

Jumping Together: A Fatal Suicide Pact

In suicide pact, two or more victims mutually agree and execute to end their lives together by predetermined method, preferably by hanging, drowning, gunshot, or poisoning. The victims are usually spouses, lovers, or friends, and the reasons behind such steps are various. In this reported suicide pact, husband–wife duo jumped from the terrace of a 12‐meter‐high building with their wrist bound to each other. Although they jumped together, the injury patterns were completely different. The man landed on head sustaining mainly craniocerebral injuries, and the wife landed on feet sustaining long bone injuries. They left a suicide note pointing out sudden demise of their only child as the reason for the suicide, and it was signed by both of them. Jumping from a height in suicide pact has not been reported in the scientific literature yet.