论实习生伤害事故的责任承担

实习生在实习期间难免发生伤害事故，但由于种种原因，我国目前对处理实习生伤害事故的法律却并不健全，《工伤保险条例》将实习生伤害事故排除在工伤保险之外，以侵权法来保护受伤害的实习生不仅效率低下、成本较高，而且也不足以有效维护受伤害实习生的权益。在此情形下，有必要重新将实习生伤害事故纳入工伤保险的范围，在立法改变之前，则应充分发挥商业保险的作用，以分散风险，确保受伤害实习生的权益。     

论跨界环境损害责任的确定因素

跨界环境损害的通常含义是指跨过国家边界线的物理存在或溢出造成的损害。污染方责任的确定首先应该考虑直接决定污染的因素,包括预防措施及恢复原状的成本和合理反应措施的费用。前者指符合成本效益的费用,即建立和维持集体行动制度的成本。后者是在确定这样的救济时,核心问题应该是合理和谨慎的主权国家或其代理人为减轻污染造成的损害而将采取的步骤,并同时注意技术可行性、有害的负作用以及这种再生过程的兼容性或其重叠性,以及在多大程度上这种努力超出了某一点变得多余或过于昂贵。其次需要考虑的是间接决定污染的因素,包括人身、财产与环境的损害。另外,在判断受害国的哪些损害应由加害国承担赔偿责任的问题上,需要考虑的另外一种情况是损害不是单纯由不法行为引起的,而是由并存的原因引起的。还有一个促成损害的问题需要考虑。     

我国农民工工伤保险存在的问题及对策分析

目前我国的农民工工伤保险刚刚起步,没有充分考虑农民工自身的特殊性,简单套用现行的工伤保险条例,导致很多农民工发生工伤或职业病后获得工伤赔付的过程步履维艰。因此,要想真正运用社会化的方式实现工伤农民工享受工伤补偿的普惠性,需要改革现行的工伤保险体制。     

Photoshop软件在法医临床学鼻面积测量中的应用初探

在鼻部损伤的法医临床学鉴定中,由于鼻的形态不规则,法医学界对鼻部缺损范围的测量和计算尚无一种统一的、精确的方法。本文利用Photoshop软件与传统的薄膜覆盖法分别对鼻面积进行测量,分析两种测量方法所得结果无统计学差异,因此通过软件法可以简便准确的计算鼻部面积。在伤者受伤前与伤后眼裂等器官长度不变的条件下,将伤者眼裂长度作为伤前照片的"比例尺",根据伤前照片推算其伤前鼻部面积,从而计算出鼻缺损比例,为鼻损伤程度的判定提供了更科学的方法。     

论被害人的承诺权限

被害人承诺问题是刑法中正当化行为的一个重要的部分。从被害人承诺的前提性条件出发,综合运用法学、哲学、伦理学的知识对被害人承诺权限,尤其是生命权和身体健康权进行论述,对行为主体是否能同意对生命的侵害、健康权承诺的限度以及安乐死的正当性问题进行深入探讨,有助于解决与被害人承诺相关的社会现实问题。     

Detection of Inflicted Bruises by Alternate Light: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Bruises are often difficult to detect on victims of violence, potentially impacting investigation and prosecution. The purpose of our randomized controlled trial was to measure the effectiveness of an alternate light source (ALS) within visible and long ultraviolet spectrums at improving bruise detection compared to white light over time. We also examined the effects of skin color, age, gender, localized fat, and injury mechanism on bruise detection. Participants included 157 healthy adults with balanced sampling across six skin color categories. Bruises were created under the controlled application of a paintball pellet and dropped weight to one upper and lower arm, respectively. Using a crossover design, both bruises were examined 21 times over 4 weeks. Ten different wavelength (350–535 nm) and filter (yellow, orange, red) combinations were used. Multilevel models were used to analyze 2903 examinations on both upper and lower arms. Results in multivariable models showed after controlling for other covariates 415 and 450 nm using a yellow filter had greater odds of detecting evidence of bruising than white light (Upper Arm: 415 nm: OR = 5.34, 95% CI: 4.35–6.56; 450 nm: OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 3.36–4.96). Under either light source, being female and having more localized fat had increased odds of detecting bruises created by the dropped weight (female: OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 2.37–3.70; fat: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.34). Our results support ALS as an appropriate tool to enhance concurrent physical assessment of bruises in the presence of known history of injury. Future development and evaluation of clinical practice guidelines for ALS application are needed.     

A game-theoretic model of the participants in the rural migrant workers＇ work-related injury insurance system

According to the game theory, the efficiency of a policy depends on the coherence between the Nash equilibrium and policy maker＇s ideal focal point. A game-theoretic model is used to study the relationships among rural migrant workers, enterprises and governments under the policy that rural migrant workers were requested included in urban social insurance system. As each participant seeks to maximize his utility, the problem can best be analyzed as an n-person cooperative game. This paper tries to relocate the roles of governments, and put forward some policy suggestion on promoting rural migrant workers＇ work-related injury insurances system with effective incentive and restrictive mechanisms.     

韩国反倾销政策法规及其实践

韩国是世界上较早制定反倾销法的发展中国家,也是全球实施反倾销最为积极的国家之一,中国则成为韩国反倾销的首要目标国。韩国反倾销政策法规不仅是其对外实施反倾销的法律依据,也是其保护国内产业和市场最常用的贸易救济手段。韩国反倾销政策法规主要体现在韩国反倾销管理体制、实施反倾销的前提条件以及实施反倾销的具体措施等三个方面。韩国反倾销政策法规在实践中所具有的一些不同于其他国家或地区的特点,为中国应对未来韩国对华反倾销提供了有益启示。     

大鼠脑干损伤早期c-fos原癌基因的原位杂交研究

目的　探讨原癌基因c-fos蛋白的表达和脑干早期损伤的关系。方法　 2 0只实验大鼠随机分为脑干损伤组和对照组 ,脑干早期损伤阶段c-fos蛋白表达采用原位杂交组化法观察。结果　对照组大鼠脑干组织未见c-fosmRNA的表达。然而 ,脑干损伤组损伤后 1 0min即可在神经元和胶质细胞观察到c-fosmRNA的表达。且在脑干损伤后 3h内 ,c-fosmRNA的表达程度出现明显的时间依存性。脑干组织死后伤c -fosmRNA的表达亦为阴性。结论　c-fos原癌基因的检测可成为诊断脑干生前损伤的一项指标。     

大鼠脑损伤后慢性病程中CaM与nNOS的免疫组化研究

探索脑损伤后存活一段时间死亡者脑损伤诊断指标。利用液压冲击装置 ,造成大鼠实验性闭合性脑损伤 ;并用抗 Ca M与 n NOS抗体 ,对鼠脑伤后 3d、1、3、4、8周脑内 Ca M与 n NOS的变化规律进行研究。Ca M与 n NOS染色结果显示 :伤侧鼠脑皮质阳性细胞数、阳性细胞平均灰度、海马平均灰度均较对照组有显著下降 ,在 1周时有回升 ,3、4、8周时有不同的反应。说明通过检测 Ca M与 n NOS的免疫反应性来判断脑损伤的程度和损伤时间有一定的可行性和应用前景