Shot Through the Heart—Firepower and Potential Lethality of Air Weapons

Although certain air weapons attain muzzle velocities comparable to some firearms, their successful use for committing suicide is rarely seen. Herein, we report a case of a young female died shortly after urgent admission to the hospital with penetrating gunshot wound to the chest. The autopsy revealed perforation of the pericardium and two perforative defects to the right heart ventricle. Injury was inflicted by a 0.177 caliber pellet, fired from an air rifle found near her body. Investigation ruled the death as suicide. The used air rifle fired the pellet with the energy density of 1.9 J/mm², substantially above the threshold for inflicting injury. The pellet penetrated through two layers of cotton fabric and several layers of tissue to inflict fatal injury to the heart. In addition, we provide an insight into the wounding potential of air weapons, which illustrates the need for greater caution in handling those devices.     

TMS-MEP评价大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能障碍程度的研究

目的探讨采用TMS-MEP评价大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能障碍的可行性,并评价其在法医学中的应用价值。方法 SD雌性大鼠100只,分为3个损伤组、1个假手术组和1个正常对照组。损伤组采用Allen’s打击装置制作脊髓损伤模型;各组均于实验前、损伤后1d、1周、2周、4周,根据大鼠脊髓运动功能评定标准进行运动功能评分,并在70%刺激强度下记录腓肠肌的TMS-MEP;采用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据处理,单因素方差分析比较组间差异。结果损伤组随打击能量的增加,脊髓损伤程度加重,双下肢运动功能缺失明显,与正常对照组、假手术组和实验前之间均存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。损伤组MEP潜伏期和波幅较正常对照组均延长,差异具有显著意义（P〈0.05）。TMS-MEP回归方程Y=0.465 1X＋4.602 4（R2=1,P〈0.001）,回归得出的结果与观察评分之间存在高度吻合。结论采用本文方法可为肌力的评定提供客观依据,有望在法医鉴定实践中应用。     

采用无创性核磁共振技术进行损伤时间推断初探

目的建立大鼠皮肤损伤核磁共振（nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR）检测方法,探讨其在法医学中应用的意义。方法雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为皮肤切创和挫伤组,分别在大鼠背部制作皮肤切创和挫伤,各组分别在损伤后0h、4h、8h取皮肤组织及对侧无损伤部位皮肤,检测NMR一维1H谱,观察受创皮肤的分子代谢产物随损伤时间的变化规律。结果挫伤组、切创组背部损伤处皮肤的1H-NMR图谱在损伤后4h和8h分别检测到较多NMR波峰,波峰的高度和总面积也发生了改变,与对照部位皮肤相比,存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论核磁共振技术检测组织代谢产物有望用于损伤经过时间的法医学检验。     

《治安管理处罚法》中治安调解的适用

<治安管理处罚法>明确规定,对某些特定的违反治安管理的行为,可以用调解的方式来代替处罚.本文针对实践中存在的一些模糊认识,依据<治安管理处罚法>及<公安机关办理行政案件程序规定>,对治安调解的适用条件、具体的适用规则以及轻伤害案件的调解等作一浅析.     

Alcohol intoxication may exacerbate the effects of blunt cranial trauma through changes in brain free magnesium levels

Moderate to high levels of alcohol decrease brain intracellular free magnesium concentration, a factor known to be critical in brain injury. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to examine changes to brain free magnesium concentration after blunt cranial trauma in alcohol-intoxicated rats. Rats exposed acutely or chronically to alcohol sufficient to increase blood alcohol levels to between 150 and 350 mg/dL demonstrated a brain free magnesium level that was 20-50% less than in nonintoxicated animals (p < 0.01). After injury, brain free magnesium levels declined more rapidly and to a greater extent in alcohol-affected animals than in nonintoxicated control animals (p < 0.001). As both preinjury depletion of magnesium and degree of magnesium decline after brain injury have been associated with poor recovery, these findings suggest that moderate to severe alcohol intoxication may predispose the brain to a worse outcome by reducing brain free magnesium levels, both before and after injury.     

Patterns of breaks in umbilical cords by different mechanisms*

Investigations of perinatal deaths often result in discrepancies between autopsy findings and witness accounts. The mechanism by which the umbilical cord is severed after delivery is a common quandary. Confirming or refuting the mother's stated method frequently has significant investigative importance; however, a surprising paucity of data currently exists to allow an objective opinion about the likely mechanism. Ninety-nine placentas with umbilical cords were examined. By random selection, each cord was severed by one of the following tools or mechanisms: knives, scissors, traction, or crush. Each break was examined and photographed, and a tissue section from the broken end examined microscopically. Differentiation of mechanism was best done grossly based on specific pattern recognition. Umbilical cords severed by blunt force have distinctly different morphology from those severed by sharp force. Even similar-appearing sharp force transections frequently have mechanism-specific distinctive patterns of injury.     

论我国工伤赔偿制度的完善

工伤赔偿法律制度关系到社会的稳定与经济的发展。由于诸多原因,我国在这一方面的做法落后于时代的要求。目前应从实践中和立法上对我国工伤赔偿制度加以完善。     

100例重度颅脑损伤尸检分析

本文总结分析１００例重度颅脑损伤的尸检资料。年龄最小４个月，最长者７１岁，男性７０例，女性３０例。颅脑损伤成因以钝器伤、高坠伤、跌伤及交通事故为多。头皮损伤占８３％，头皮无明显损伤但有颅脑损伤者占１７％。颅骨骨折占７１％，以线状骨折为多（４５％），粉碎骨折次之（２２．５３％），颅骨骨折常合并颅内出血。两者并存者６９例，占颅内出血７０．４１％，有颅内出血无颅骨骨折２９例，占２９．５９％，略高于文献报告。硬膜外出血（ＥＤＨ）占３５％，冲击部占８８．５７％，对冲部占２０％。硬膜下出血（ＳＤＨ）占４０％，冲击部占８５％，对冲部占２５％。蛛网膜下腔出血占８７％。髓内出血８６％，合并ＥＤＨ占３３．７２％，合并ＳＤＨ占３６．０５％，ＥＤＨ、ＳＤＨ和髓内出血者同时发生占８．２６％。脑室出血占１２％。脑挫伤裂伤占６４％，有冲击伤和对冲伤占４６．８８％，有冲击伤无对冲伤占２８．１２％，无冲击伤有对冲伤占２５％。脑疝：小脑扁桃体疝占６７％，海马钩回疝占６０％，略高于文献报告，结合本文资料，对病理特点及法医鉴定中应注意问题略加讨论。     

医疗事故损害赔偿中的残疾生活补助费问题研究——从与一般人身损害赔偿比较的角度

与我们通常的认识不同,因医疗事故致残的,患者获赔的残疾生活补助费与一般人身损害赔偿的残疾赔偿金在金额上互有高低。就残疾生活补助费项目而言,现行的医疗事故损害赔偿规定既与现行人身损害赔偿制度不相吻合,又背离了立法目的,亦无法实现对患者的妥善保护,必须加以修订。     

头部外伤后伴发病理性蛛网膜下腔出血致猝死11例鉴定分析

头部外伤后伴发病理性蛛网膜下腔出血致猝死１１例鉴定分析肖柏坤，曾建华，孙跃刚（ｌ．江西医学院法医教研室；江西３３０００６２．江西医学院第一附属医院脑外科；江西３３０００６３．南昌市公安局刑事科学技术研究所；江西３３０００６）Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆ１１Ｃ...