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741.
目的评测运动神经传导速度(MNCV)检查对于确证尺神经损伤的价值,初步研究各项MNCV相关指标与肌力(MP)的相关性。方法以25例尺神经损伤的男性患者作为患病组,同时选择25例健康男性作为对照组。MNCV测定指标包括:潜伏期,波幅,MNCV值。测定前,由同一操作医师测定患者相应的MP(小指展肌、第一骨间肌和尺侧腕屈肌)。结果两组间对比,各项指标均存在显著性差异;患病组MP与MNCV和波幅存在显著相关性。结论MNCV检验可用于确证尺神经损伤,并可初步推测相应肌肉的MP丧失程度,可为尺神经损伤的法医学鉴定提供可靠证据。 相似文献
742.
Injuries of the Head from Backface Deformation of Ballistic Protective Helmets Under Ballistic Impact 下载免费PDF全文
Karin A. Rafaels Ph.D. Hattie C. Cutcliffe B.S.E. Robert S. Salzar Ph.D. Martin Davis M.S. Brian Boggess M.S. Bryan Bush M.D. Robert Harris M.D. Mark Steve Rountree Ellory Sanderson B.S. Steven Campman M.D. Spencer Koch M.D. Cameron R. ‘Dale’ Bass Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(1):219-225
Modern ballistic helmets defeat penetrating bullets by energy transfer from the projectile to the helmet, producing helmet deformation. This deformation may cause severe injuries without completely perforating the helmet, termed “behind armor blunt trauma” (BABT). As helmets become lighter, the likelihood of larger helmet backface deformation under ballistic impact increases. To characterize the potential for BABT, seven postmortem human head/neck specimens wearing a ballistic protective helmet were exposed to nonperforating impact, using a 9 mm, full metal jacket, 124 grain bullet with velocities of 400–460 m/s. An increasing trend of injury severity was observed, ranging from simple linear fractures to combinations of linear and depressed fractures. Overall, the ability to identify skull fractures resulting from BABT can be used in forensic investigations. Our results demonstrate a high risk of skull fracture due to BABT and necessitate the prevention of BABT as a design factor in future generations of protective gear. 相似文献
743.
A Biomechanical Evaluation of Skull–Brain Surrogates to Blunt High‐Rate Impacts to Postmortem Human Subjects 下载免费PDF全文
The field of forensic injury biomechanics is an emerging field. Biomechanically validated tools may assist interdisciplinary teams of investigators in assessing mechanisms of blunt head trauma resulting in skull fractures. The objective of this study is to assess the biofidelity of spherical, frangible skull–brain (SB) surrogates. Blunt impacts were conducted at 20 m/s, using an instrumented 103 g rigid impactor, to the temporo‐parietal region of four defleshed cephalic postmortem human subjects (PMHS). Force–deformation response, fracture tolerance, and fracture patterns were recorded for comparison to spherical skull–brain surrogates. Three brain substitutes were assessed: 10% gelatin, lead shot with Styrofoam and water. Force–deformation response of the skull–brain surrogates was similar to defleshed PMHS up to the point of fracture; however, none of the surrogates fractured at tolerance levels comparable to the PMHS. Fracture patterns of the skull–brain surrogates were linear and radiating, while PMHS fractures were all depressed, comminuted. 相似文献
744.
Ji Zhang M.D. Liang Liu M.D. Jiao Mu M.Sc Tiantong Yang M.D. Na Zheng M.D. Hongmei Dong M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(6):1488-1494
Evaluating traumatic axonal injury remains challenging in clinical and forensic sciences as its identification is difficult using routine diagnostic methods. This study used Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy to detect TAI within the corpus callosum in an animal model. Protein conformational analysis revealed significantly increased β-sheet and β-turn contents paralleled by a decrease in α-helix content at 24 h postinjury, while the antiparallel β-sheet content was decreased at 12 h postinjury. Compared with the control group, the lipid/protein ratio was significantly reduced in all of the injured groups. At 24 h postinjury, there were increases in the olefinic=CH and CH3 group of lipids accompanied by the decreased CH2 group, but the results at 12 and 72 h were contrary to that at 24 h. Our study showed that FTIRM could differentiate injured from normal white matter at different time points following TBI via examination of these infrared spectral parameters. 相似文献
745.
Nemanja Radojevic M.D. M.Sc. Bojana Radnic M.D. Ivana Curovic M.D. M.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(6):1652-1653
The high-pressure water jet unit is a generator of frequent burst of water jets. The water jet reaches very high speeds and is able to cause wounds similar to those of high-velocity projectiles. In the presented case, unusual fatal injuries sustained by water jet are presented. Operating with the unit, an untrained worker accidentally activated a high-pressure water jet unit, and the extremely high pressure of water liberated the jet unit from his hand and whirled it around him. A jet stream of water ran across his body and caused fatal penetrating injuries in the femoral region. The edges of the wound were mainly sharp with contusion rings on the skin beyond the edges. Exploring the inside of the canals during the autopsy, the left femoral artery and vein were found to be completely transected. The resemblance to a firearm entry wound and the severity of the internal injury make it a noteworthy entity. 相似文献
746.
目的分析手舟骨骨折成伤机制的法医学鉴定要点,为法医学鉴定实践提供参考。方法选取2007—2011年在中国刑事警察学院物证鉴定中心鉴定后已结案的手舟骨骨折成伤机制鉴定案件共43例,对手舟骨骨折初诊漏、误诊情况,骨折分型,伴发损伤,成伤机制分歧点等方面进行分析。结果手舟骨骨折初诊漏、误诊率高,以腰部骨折最多见,成伤机制分歧主要集中于系外力直接打击还是倒地摔跌间接作用所致。结论手舟骨骨折多为跌倒时手掌着地致腕关节过度背伸所致。 相似文献
747.
目的观察大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)模型伤后不同时间大脑白质磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)弥散参数和β-APP、NF68免疫组织化学染色的变化。方法建立SD大鼠Marmarou DAI模型,分别于伤后3、12、24、72 h行DTI扫描,获取大鼠胼胝体、内囊和外囊弥散参数;比较相应部位β-APP单位面积阳性轴索数及阳性染色面积百分比,NF68平均光密度的伤后变化。结果实验组胼胝体、内囊和外囊轴向弥散(AD)、各向异性分数(FA)伤后逐步下降;β-APP单位面积阳性轴索数量、阳性染色面积百分比及NF68平均光密度伤后逐步增加。相关分析证实AD、FA值与β-APP、NF68变化呈显著负相关。结论 DTI弥散参数可作为DAI早期诊断的生物标记物。 相似文献
748.
目的探讨能客观反映肩关节功能障碍对肢体功能影响的评价方法。方法通过用我国《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》(简称"《道标》")的权重指数法与美国《永久残损评定指南》(Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment,GEPI)(简称GEPI法),对133例肩关节损伤后伤残评定案例进行回顾性评价;并用两种评价方法对肩关节不同运动方向及不同活动度对上肢功能影响进行全方位的比较。结果 133例肩关节功能障碍案例,权重指数法达到伤残的总比例高于GEPI法;但在功能丧失不同比例段两者有差异。差异的原因在于,在GEPI法中,肩关节不同运动方向所占的权重不同,前屈上举与外展上举对于肩关节功能相对重要,并考虑关节功能位对肢体障碍程度的影响;而权重指数法,上肢功能的关系与关节活动度呈简单的线性关系,与关节活动方向及功能位无关。结论 GEPI法比权重指数法能更能客观地反映肩关节功能障碍对肢体功能丧失的影响程度。 相似文献
749.
随着科学技术的发展和疾病知识的普及,潜伏性人身损害的赔偿问题日益引起重视。既有立法基本不对损害进行界定,潜伏性人身损害更不会在立法文本中得到体现,但是既有损害概念的学理解释可以为潜伏性人身损害的赔偿提供认识基础。对潜伏性人身损害予以赔偿有其必要性,但是也会对传统侵权法带来挑战。虽然如此,既有司法实践还是积极回应受害人的赔偿诉求,从概念扩张和利益平衡等角度进行了大胆探索。为了有效解决潜伏性人身损害的赔偿问题,既需要从损害概念的更新方面做出努力,又需要从诉讼中的证明责任、证明能力等角度进行变革。 相似文献
750.
电警棍致皮肤损伤的实验研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
本研究系用电警棍电击实验动物(猪),观察电击部位的皮肤喷涂金属显色剂后的颜色改变、组织学改变及金属含量的改变。结果表明,电警棍电击机体,不仅可致皮肤产生肉眼可见的损伤,而且可致皮肤细胞产生轻微的极化现象和皮肤金属化,这种金属化可通过金属显色剂喷涂和原子吸收分光光度计检测出来.本实验为电警棍电击伤的定性分析、检材的提取与处理提供了比较好的方法,有利于判定案件的性质和确定电警棍的种类。 相似文献