鞘胺醇1-磷酸2/3受体对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的观察鞘胺醇1-磷酸2/3受体(S1PR2/3)在大鼠心肌缺血再灌注的在体实验中对心脏的影响。方法健康SD雄性大鼠,随机分为7组:正常对照组、假手术组、IR组、IR+DMSO组、IR+Cym5541(S1P3受体激动剂)组、IR+Cay10444(S1P3受体阻断剂)组、IR+Cay10444/Jte-013(S1P2/3受体阻断剂)组。制作大鼠缺血再灌注模型,并记录心功能、心肌梗死面积、死亡率。结果给予S1PR3抑制剂组和S1PR2/3抑制剂组与IR组相比在心肌缺血再灌过程中,心率下降(P0.05),左室舒张末期压力(LVEDP)上升(P0.05),心肌梗死面积增大(55.7%:28.8%,51.6%:28.8%),给予S1PR3激动剂组心肌梗死面积显著减小(18.6%:28.8%)。给予S1P2/3抑制剂组死亡率明显高于IR组(53%:22%,P0.05)。结论 S1P2和S1P3受体对缺血再灌注心肌起保护作用,抑制S1P2/3受体参与了IR后心源性猝死(SCD)。     

Identification of Carbonates as Additives in Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive Tape Substrate with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Its Application in Three Explosive Cases

Abstract: Pressure‐sensitive tape is often used to bind explosive devices. It can become important trace evidence in many cases. Three types of calcium carbonate (heavy, light, and active CaCO₃), which were widely used as additives in pressure‐sensitive tape substrate, were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in this study. A Spectrum GX 2000 system with a diamond anvil cell and a deuterated triglycine sulfate detector was employed for IR observation. Background was subtracted for every measurement, and triplicate tests were performed. Differences in positions of main peaks and the corresponding functional groups were investigated. Heavy CaCO₃ could be identified from the two absorptions near 873 and 855/cm, while light CaCO₃ only has one peak near 873/cm because of the low content of aragonite. Active CaCO₃ could be identified from the absorptions in the 2800–2900/cm region because of the existence of organic compounds. Tiny but indicative changes in the 878–853/cm region were found in the spectra of CaCO₃ with different content of aragonite and calcite. CaCO₃ in pressure‐sensitive tape, which cannot be differentiated by scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer and thermal analysis, can be easily identified using FTIR. The findings were successfully applied to three specific explosive cases and would be helpful in finding the possible source of explosive devices in future cases.     

A note on the U.S. bombing of the Chinese embassy and the New York times cover-up

This article reveals the role of research and development (R&;D) policies in the development of the technology-intensive industries of China. Since economic reform began in 1978, the Chinese government has transformed the R&;D system from one that was wholly centrally planned into a more market-orientated system, making it more efficient and productive. At the same time, the state, its incentives and its investment remain significant. The government has increased the R&;D expenditure rapidly, while trying to develop indigenous technologies. It has actively utilised foreign direct investment inflows as the means to introduce advanced technology from developed countries. It has also provided systematic guidelines and established the economic technology development zones and high technology industrial development zones, in order to channel foreign investment inflows into technology-intensive industries. China has placed emphasis on the development of human resources in science and technology as well. Finally, the implications of the role of government in developing technology-intensive industries are considered.     

Individualrecht jedes Wohnungseigentümers auf außerstreitrichterliche Abberufung des WE-Verwalters wegen grober Pflichtverletzung

Jeder einzelne Wohnungseigentümer kann nach § 21 Abs 3 Fall 2 WEG 2002 sein Individualrecht auf Abberufung des WE-Verwalters wegen grober Pflichtverletzung durch den Au?erstreitrichter mittels Antrags nur dann erfolgreich ausüben, wenn nach dem Verhalten des WE-Verwalters grunds?tzliche, so gewichtige Bedenken gegen dessen Treue- und Interessenwahrungspflicht bestehen, dass nach allgemeiner Verkehrsauffassung und einer anzustellenden Zukunftsprognose fraglich ist, ob die Wahrnehmung der Interessen aller Wohnungseigentümer noch gesichert ist. (Hier hat der OGH eine grobe Pflichtverletzung deshalb bejaht, weil der WE-Verwalter seine Instandhaltungspflicht so beharrlich vernachl?ssigt hat, dass ein von einem Wohnungseigentümer unverzüglich ihm gemeldeter Wasserrohrbruch mehr als ein Jahr unbehoben geblieben ist, obwohl schon auf Grund der Jahreswasserabrechnung der enorme Wasserverlust h?tte auffallen müssen, weiters vor allem auch deshalb, weil der WE-Verwalter versucht hat, diesem Wohnungseigentümer das Verschulden an der eingetretenen Feuchtigkeitsproblematik anzulasten, und schlie?lich, weil der Wasserrohrbruch zu einer [weiteren!] Substanzsch?digung der WE-Anlage geführt hat.)     

浅析高校教育教学资源网络与移动3G网络的整合

高校教育教学资源网络是基于校园网内部的一个功能复杂的网络,往往需要提供两大服务功能:提供校内共事服务和提供Internet接入服务.而3G服务能够同时无线传送声音(通话)及数据信息(电子邮件、即时通信等).一般地讲,将无线通信与国际互联网等多媒体通信结合的新一代移动通信系统,未来的3G必将与教育教学资源信息网络进行结合,WAP与web的结合是一种趋势.     

伪狂犬病病毒gG-gD基因片段的扩增及克隆和序列测定

以伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)HB-9304株的基因组为模板,利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对其gG-gD基因片段进行扩增,获得了预定大小的片段,将这一片段克隆到质粒载体pPK中.对重组质粒pPKGD进行限制性内切酶分析、PCR鉴定和克隆片段的序列测定,证实了克隆片段的可靠性.     

Between European and national role conceptions – the EU3 initiative regarding the Iranian Nuclear Programme

This paper addresses whether Germany, France and the UK (the EU3) – with the EU in the background – can shape their own approach to a common Europeanised position or even a European role conception regarding the Iranian Nuclear Programme. As the EU3 initiative appears situated between Europeanisation and national role conceptions, it seems that the EU3 members – after a coherent start – were finally inclined to readapt themselves to certain of their national role conceptions, resulting in a “mix” of national and European role patterns in the process leading up to 2016. Currently, this mix hints at still-prevailing hindrances involved in genuine European conflict management, although this outcome holds the promise of greater European coherence in the future.

Abbreviations: E3: Germany, France and UK (without formal support of the EU); EU: European Union; EU3: Germany, France, UK and the “High Representative for the Common Security and Foreign Policy of the European Union”; EU3?+?3: official designation of the contact group concerning the Iranian Nuclear Programme, consisting of the EU3, the USA, Russia and China; IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency; P5?+?1: informal designation of the contact group concerning the Iranian Nuclear Programme, consisting of the EU3, the USA, Russia and China (Permanent Security Council Members [P5] plus Germany); UK: United Kingdom; UNs: United Nations; UNSR: Security Council of the United Nations     

Governance Arrangements for Transboundary Issues: Lessons from the Food Waste Programs of Italian Regions

Focusing on transboundary issues contributes to highlighting how new governance modes can emerge from increasing interdependence and complexity in public policies. This article analyzes food waste as a transboundary issue that cuts across different policy subsystems (PSs), intersects multiple levels of government, and calls into question consolidated policy making for new modes of governance. The analytical framework provides a multidimensional approach and a new typology of governance arrangements to be used in empirical research. Evidence from an Italian case study and an empirical investigation of 20 regional food waste programs shows that regions can adopt different driving ideas and can activate a variety of governance arrangements and differentiated, as well as viable, modes of integration between consolidated PSs. The article argues that different tool mixes combined with different levels of governance complexity may lead to a variety of governance arrangements and a differentiated likelihood of policy integration.