Quantitative Statistics and Identification of Tool‐Marks

This study was designed to establish a feature identification method of tool‐mark 2D data. A uniform local binary pattern histogram operator was developed to extract the tool‐mark features, and the random forest algorithm was adopted to identify these. The presented method was used to conduct five groups of experiments with a 2D dataset of known matched and nonmatched tool‐marks made by bolt clippers, cutting pliers, and screwdrivers. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieved a high rate of identification of the tool‐mark samples generated under identical conditions. The proposed method effectively overcomes the disadvantage of unstable illumination of 2D tool‐mark image data and avoids the difficulty in mark inspection caused by manually preset parameters in the existing methods, thus reducing the uncertainty of inspected results.     

The Reconstruction of the Dynamic of a Murder Using 3D Motion Capture and 3D Model Buildings: The Investigation of a Dubious Forensic Case

Photographic surveying is fundamental to crime scene investigation. It is performed using 2D images; however, this method is limited because it does not offer a detailed view. We present a 3D (three‐dimensional) experimental model that has clarified unsolved aspects of a homicide. A woman was found dead in her home. Considering the large number of injuries on the victim, signs of the use of two weapons, and the absence of traces of the killer/s, several hypotheses about the dynamics and the number of offenders were made. The forensic surveys suggested that a single offender had used two weapons at the same time, but this hypothesis was considered to be impossible by investigators. Our 3D model allowed us to experimentally reproduce the murder and compare various dynamics. The model was used as evidence in Court to prove the hypothesis of a single killer and demonstrate that no other people were involved.     

Development and Validation of a Virtual Examination Tool for Firearm Forensics, ,

The transition from 2D imaging to 3D scanning in the discipline of firearms and toolmark analysis is likely to provide examiners an unprecedented view of microscopic surface topography. The digital examination of measured 3D surface topographies has been referred to as virtual microscopy (VM). The approach offers several potential advantages over traditional comparison microscopy. Like any new analytic method, VM must be validated prior to its use in a crime laboratory. This paper describes one of the first validation studies of virtual microscopy. Fifty‐six participants at fifteen laboratories used virtual microscopic tools to complete two proficiency‐style tests for cartridge case identification. All participating trained examiners correctly reported 100% of the identifications (known matches) while reporting no false positives. The VM tools also allowed examiners to annotate compared surfaces. These annotations provide insight into the types of marked utilized in comparative analysis. Overall, the results of the study demonstrate that trained examiners can successfully use virtual microscopy to conduct firearms toolmark examination and support the use of the technology in the crime laboratory.     

Profiling the scent of weathered training aids for blood-detection dogs

At outdoor crime scenes, cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs may be tasked with locating blood that is days, weeks or months old. Although it is known that the odour profile of blood will change during this time, it is currently unknown how the profile changes when exposed to the environment. Such variables must be studied in order to understand when the odour profile is no longer detectable by the scent-detection dogs and other crime scene tools should be implemented. In this study, blood was deposited onto concrete and varnished wood surfaces and weathered in an outdoor environment over a three-month period. Headspace samples were collected using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS). The chemical odour profiles were compared with the behavioural responses of cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs during training. Data interpretation using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) established that the blood odour could no longer be detected using SPME–GC×GC–TOFMS after two months of weathering on both surfaces. Conversely, the blood-detection dogs had difficulty locating the blood samples after one month of weathering on concrete and after one week of weathering on varnished wood. The scent-detection dogs evaluated herein had not been previously exposed to environmentally weathered blood samples during training. Given that this study was conducted to test the dogs' baseline abilities, it is expected that with repeated exposure, the dogs' capabilities would likely improve. The knowledge gained from this study can assist in providing law enforcement with more accurate training aids for blood-detection dogs and can improve their efficiency when deployed to outdoor crime scenes.     

雄黄主要成分As2S2通过“ANP32A-INHAT-H3乙酰化”轴抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移的表观遗传调控机制

目的 探究雄黄主要成分二硫化二砷（As2S2）对三阴性乳腺癌（triple negative breast cancer,TNBC）的作用及表观遗传调控机制。方法 〖JP2〗采用CCK-8、平板克隆形成和细胞划痕实验探究As2S2对人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A及TNBC细胞增殖和迁移的影响;4D-label free定量蛋白质组学分析挖掘As2S2抗TNBC的潜在干预靶点酸性核磷蛋白家族成员32A（acidic nuclear phosphoprotein family member 32A,ANP32A）;慢病毒感染法构建ANP32A过表达敲低细胞株,探究潜在靶点ANP32A对As2S2抗TNBC作用的影响;蛋白质免疫共沉淀和Western blot实验探究As2S2是否通过ANP32A调控TNBC细胞H3乙酰化。结果 As2S2对人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A影响甚微,但显著抑制TNBC细胞增殖和迁移,且呈剂量依赖性;4D-lable free定量蛋白质组学分析结果显示,促癌因子ANP32A被As2S2显著下调,且ANP32A表达影响As2S2在TNBC中的抗增殖和迁移效果。As2S2能下调ANP32A的蛋白水平,抑制乙酰转移酶抑制剂复合物亚基的招募,增加H3乙酰化水平。结论 As2S2通过下调ANP32A蛋白调控TNBC细胞中H3乙酰化,抑制TNBC细胞增殖和迁移。     

柚皮素- 铜络合物对Hep- G2细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的 观察柚皮素-铜络合物在体外对人肝癌Hep-G2细胞增殖与凋亡的影响,探究其作用机制。方法 将不同浓度柚皮素-铜络合物作用于体外培养的Hep-G2细胞,采用甲基噻唑基四唑法检测细胞生长抑制率;荧光显微镜下观察柚皮素-铜络合物对DAPI染色的Hep-G2细胞凋亡的影响;应用流式细胞仪检测凋亡率; Western blot法检测细胞中Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3蛋白表达的变化。结果 柚皮素-铜络合物可显著地抑制Hep-G2细胞增殖,且在一定的范围内呈浓度依赖性。荧光显微镜下观察显示,柚皮素-铜络合物作用的Hep-G2细胞出现显著的凋亡特征,呈剂量依赖性地增加细胞凋亡率。柚皮素-铜络合物可上调Hep-G2细胞中Bax、Caspase-3蛋白的表达,抑制Bcl-2蛋白的表达,且呈一定的剂量依赖性。结论 柚皮素-铜络合物可抑制Hep-G2细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡,其作用机制可能与上调Bax、Caspase-3蛋白的表达,抑制Bcl-2蛋白的表达有关。     

芪白平肺胶囊通过抑制PI3K/Akt通路促进低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡

目的 从细胞水平探讨芪白平肺胶囊通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-ki-nasePI3K/蛋白激酶B(protein kinas B,Akt)通路对低氧诱导的大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(pulmona-ry arterial smooth muscle cells,PASMCs)凋亡的影响....     

黄连生物碱对HEK293-OATP1B3细胞转运黄芩黄酮活性的影响

目的：探究黄连生物碱对OATP1B3介导的黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷的转运的影响。方法：采用稳定转染OATP1B3的HEK293细胞,以黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷为底物,小檗碱、药根碱、黄连碱、巴马汀作为抑制剂,进行药物转运实验,并进行含量测定,考察黄连生物碱对HEK293-OATP1B3细胞转运黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的影响。结果：抑制剂组的黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷摄取量均低于对照组（OE组）。结论：黄连生物碱可抑制OATP1B3对黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的转运。     

骨蚀宁胶囊联合唑来膦酸治疗早中期股骨头坏死的临床疗效观察

目的 评估骨蚀宁胶囊联合唑来膦酸治疗早中期股骨头坏死的临床疗效.方法 将股骨头坏死(早中期)患者64例随机分为对照组和观察组,每组32例,其中观察组38髋,对照组35髋.对照组予以唑来膦酸静脉滴注,口服骨化三醇及碳酸钙D3治疗;观察组在对照组治疗的基础上予以中药骨蚀宁胶囊口服.治疗1年后通过门诊随访调查患者治疗后髋关节Harris评分、基于X线片评分的疗效.结果 两组临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).与治疗前比较,两组治疗1年后髋关节功能、畸形、活动度和疼痛评分均显著升高(P<0.05);观察组治疗1年后髋关节功能、疼痛、活动度评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 骨蚀宁胶囊联合唑来膦酸、骨化三醇及碳酸钙D3能更显著改善股骨头坏死症状,延缓股骨头进一步塌陷.     

电针联合康复训练对局灶性脑缺血大鼠NLRP3炎症通路的影响

目的 观察电针联合康复训练对局灶性脑缺血大鼠NOD样受体蛋白3(NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3,NLRP3)炎症通路的影响,探讨电针联合康复训练抑制大鼠脑缺血炎症反应的作用机制。方法 采用线栓法制备大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO)模型,将45只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针组、康复训练组、电针联合康复训练组,每组9只。假手术组和模型组不予治疗,电针组电针大鼠“百会”“大椎”穴,康复训练组进行导向性跑台训练,电针联合康复训练组同时予以电针和康复训练干预。比较模型复制完成4 h、7 d后大鼠神经功能评分;苏木精-伊红染色观察缺血侧皮质病理学变化;酶联免疫吸附法检测缺血侧皮质白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白细胞介素-18(interleukin-18, IL-18)水平;免疫荧光法检测缺血侧皮质中NLRP3、Caspase-1阳性表达水平;析因分析NLRP3、Caspase-1阳性表达水平和IL-1β、IL-18水平的交...