Policy Adoption and Policy Intensity: Emergence of Climate Adaptation Planning in U.S. States

The United States is experiencing growing impacts of climate change but currently receives a limited policy response from its national leadership. Within this policy void, many state governments are stepping up and taking action on adaptation planning. Yet we know little about why some states adopt State Adaptation Plans (SAPs), while others do not. This article investigates factors that predict the emergence of SAPs, both in terms of policy adoption and policy intensity (goal ambitiousness). Applying the diffusion of innovation theory, I consider the relative influence of internal state characteristics, regional pressures, and test for conditional effects between government ideologies and severity of the problem. The results show interesting differences between predictors that influence policy adoption and ambitiousness. States are more motivated to adopt a policy when faced with greater climate vulnerability, have more liberal citizenry, and where governments have crossed policy hurdles by previously passing mitigation plans. The intensity of policies and goal setting, moreover, is more likely to be driven by interest group politics and diffuse through policy learning or sharing information among neighboring states in Environmental Protection Agency regions. These findings support an emerging scholarship that uses more complex dependent variables in policy analysis. These variables have the potential to differentiate symbolic from substantive policies and capture finer information about predictors of importance.     

Political Candidates and the Energy Issue: Nuclear Power Position and Electoral Success

Members of parliament are key actors for the implementation of energy transitions, such as phasing out nuclear power. Before legislators can cast their maybe decisive vote in parliament, they need to run for office and actively strive for election. This paper assesses what political candidates oppose renewable energy transitions and questions whether the energy issue matters in national elections, and thus has consequences for the implementation of new sustainable energy sources. We analyze these questions by first describing the specific characteristics of political candidates. The paper then evaluates the relevance of the energy issue for electoral success in three national elections in Switzerland (2007, 2012, and 2015). Based on candidate data from the voting advice application smartvote.ch, we find that female candidates support ETs more than men do; that especially the French‐speaking part of the country is more in favor of a nuclear phase‐out, and that younger candidates are also more open toward restructuring the energy system than older candidates are. Our models further show that the energy issue does not matter in elections, independently from its salience in the respective election campaigns. Candidates are thus relatively free to choose their position on the issue and do not have to fear consequences at the ballot. However, candidates of center parties, in contrast to the pole parties, are sensitive to the energy issue and reflect public mood in their positions.     

Congressional Attention and Opportunity Structures: The Select Energy Independence and Global Warming Committee

This article examines the role that overlapping committee jurisdictions play in fostering or hindering attention to environmental and energy issues in the U.S. Congress. The Select Energy Independence and Global Warming Committee, created by House Democrats in 2007 , and its chairman Rep. Ed Markey took advantage of opportunities within the existing jurisdictional arrangement to increase attention to these issues despite lacking any legislative authority. Data from the 110th and 111th Congresses show that the Select Committee held more hearings on climate change and alternative energy, and on environmental and energy policy generally, than any other committee. The committee also increased the range of sources informing debate on these issues by calling different witnesses than other committees. These findings have important implications for the relationship between institutional structure and agendas and for Congress' policy‐making role on energy and the environment.     

提高民警可见度:城市社区警务工作的关键

强化社区警务新机制,将警务工作向社区渗透、延伸、拓展,这是新形势下城市社区建设对公安工作提出的新要求。要做好社区警务工作,必须正确处理好打击与基础工作、打击与防范、集中打击与日常管理、专门工作与群众工作等关系,同时要让民警沉入社区,扎根社区,提高民警的可见度,从而做到“发案少、秩序好,群众满意”。     

嫖宿幼女罪的立法反思与完 善简

在司法实践中，嫖宿幼女罪单独成罪引发的问题日益明显。文章通过对比分析嫖宿幼女罪与强奸罪在犯罪构成方面的异同，深入论证嫖宿幼女罪在平等适用法律、罪刑法定、立法协调性等方面存在的问题，并从刑事立法的角度进一步探究规制嫖宿幼女行为的解决方案。     

再现被毁车辆号码中的加热效应

本文说明在显现被毁车辆号码过程中给车辆发动机加热有助于更好地实现显现目的,并通过对摩托车发动机试样的加热显现实验总结出利用加热效应加速显现且取得较好效果的操作方法.     

Legal grounds to process personal data under Spanish legislation after the ECJ Judgment of 24 November 2011 (the ASNEF and FECEMD case)

Spanish law on personal data protection regulates (among other issues) the legal bases that permit the processing of data in a way that is similar to that set out in Directive 95/46/EC. Consent constitutes the general rule although data may be processed without it if necessary for administration functions, within the framework of a contractual relationship, in order to safeguard the vital interests of the data subject or if they are included in sources accessible to the public. However, unlike the Directive, legitimate interest is not recognised as an independent reason for processing data, whereas a legal ground that is not set out in community law is included, i.e., sources accessible to the public. This paper analyses these two cases, taking as its starting point consent, along with the consequences that the ECJ Judgment of 24 November 2011 regarding the interpretation of Article 7 of Directive 95/46/EC may have and giving attention to the revision of this Directive itself.     

Passivlegitimation für einen nachbarrechtlichen Ersatzanspruch nach § 364a ABGB

Stehen das Grundstück, von dem die Kontamination (oder eine sonstige St?rung) ausgeht, und das beeintr?chtigte Grundstück je im Miteigentum derselben Personen, kommt ein Anspruch eines Miteigentümers gegen den anderen nach § 364a ABGB nicht in Betracht. Dies gilt auch, wenn beim beeintr?chtigten Grundstück Rechtsnachfolge bei einem der Miteigentümer eintritt. Eine nachbarrechtliche Klage, wie jene nach § 364a ABGB, ist gegen alle Eigentümer der Liegenschaft, von der die St?rung ausging, als notwendige Streitgenossen zu richten.