Divorcing Responsibly

In this article I argue that Part II of the Family LawAct 1996 gives expression to a new form ofresponsibility. I begin by suggesting thatresponsible behaviour has shifted from prohibiting orrequiring particular actions: we now exhibitresponsibility by our attitude towards our actions. I then examine where this new conception ofresponsibility has come from. Through an examinationof the work of post-liberal theorists, principallyMichael Sandel, I argue that a changing view ofpersonhood within post-liberal theory has led to aquestioning of the possibility of choice, and that theabsence of choice necessitates a shift in thedefinition of responsible behaviour. If we are createdby our decisions then we cannot be held to account forour decisions, but only for the care we have takenover them. Responsibility is therefore measured notby our level of self-control but by our level ofself-awareness. Finally I examine the consequences ofthis shift in the meaning of responsibility. Withinthis framework autonomy is illusory thereforedecisions do not need to be respected. This explainswhy the implementation of Part II of the Family LawAct 1996 has been called into question. Within thisframework responsibility is relative therefore itextends indefinitely. This enables the Family Law Actto be uniquely intrusive and judgmental: everydivorcing couple, on being held up to scrutiny, isfound lacking.     

"古姓来源于图腾"辨证

"图腾说"一直是解释中国古姓起源的最有影响的观点,本文旨在说明图腾只是古姓起源方式的一种,"感生"的传说并不能证明姓起源于图腾.图腾崇拜的影响有一定时代限制,其所发挥作用的程度也很有限,对于图腾在古起源中的意义应当有个正确地认识,不应盲从盲信,过分夸大它的作用.     

现代语言起源的化石解剖学和分子遗传学思考

1.语言起源的研究对象不是人类符号系统的起源 ,而是现代人语言的起源。 2 .化石解剖学的研究表明 ,人类有声分节语言的成熟有赖于咽腔成熟。 3.依据分子遗传学的夏娃理论 ,现代人祖先和现代人语言都具有单一起源性。 4.人类思维交际符号的演变表现为从原始体态语、原始手势语、胚胎语到现代语的连续统过程。5 .现代语言造就了现代人类和现代文化     

Inferring ancestral origin using a single multiplex assay of ancestry-informative marker SNPs

Tests that infer the ancestral origin of a DNA sample have considerable potential in the development of forensic tools that can help to guide crime investigation. We have developed a single-tube 34-plex SNP assay for the assignment of ancestral origin by choosing ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) exhibiting highly contrasting allele frequency distributions between the three major population-groups. To predict ancestral origin from the profiles obtained, a classification algorithm was developed based on maximum likelihood. Sampling of two populations each from African, European and East Asian groups provided training sets for the algorithm and this was tested using the CEPH Human Genome Diversity Panel. We detected negligible theoretical and practical error for assignments to one of the three groups analyzed with consistently high classification probabilities, even when using reduced subsets of SNPs. This study shows that by choosing SNPs exhibiting marked allele frequency differences between population-groups a practical forensic test for assigning the most likely ancestry can be achieved from a single multiplexed assay.     

辩论主义:溯源与变迁——民事诉讼中当事人与法院作用分担的再思考

强调当事人自我责任的辩论主义是19世纪自由主义思潮在民事诉讼中的反映。辩论主义提供的只是关于民事诉讼基本构造的指导性法理,而不是彻底否定法院职权探知的理由。在辩论主义的百年变迁中,始终伴随着对其内涵的全面限制及法院协助当事人提供事实与证据义务的普遍强化。我国《民事诉讼法》在确立辩论主义原则时,应重视在诉讼资料收集层面当事人与法院的协作,强化法院的实体性诉讼指挥义务并赋予辩论主义新的内涵。     

流动儿童与城市儿童成绩差异研究

目前虽然一些流动儿童进入了城市学校和城市儿童一起学习,接受同样的教育,他们受教育的效果却不相同。笔者利用随机调查资料,分析了小学阶段流动儿童与城市儿童语文成绩的基本情况,结果显示,1)流动儿童语文平均成绩比城市儿童要低;2)一年级学生的成绩差异最大;3)随着年级的增高,流动儿童和城市儿童的成绩差异在逐步减小。     

THE FIFTH WORLD CONGRESS ON FAMILY LAW AND THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH

Editor's note on the 5^th World Congress on Family Law and Children's Rights held in Halifax Nova Scotia, August 23–26, 2009     

关于主观证明责任的界定与基本范畴研究

在诉讼上,当事人的主观证明责任与当事人的主张责任息息相关,因此,主观证明责任的履行,主要是针对当事人在提出事实主张之后为获得对其有利的裁判结果所无法回避的现象。相较而言,无论诉讼终结时案件事实出现何种状态,法院均不得拒绝裁判,因此,客观证明责任的产生,主要是针对法院在作出裁判的结果上所无法回避的现象。可见,主观证明责任与客观证明责任居于不同的范畴,发挥着不同的价值功能,二者之间既不可相互替代,又不可混淆。     

The New Zealand Model of Family Group Conferencing

The Family Group Conference (FGC) originated in New Zealand where it is the foundation stone of the Youth Justice system introduced in 1989. A significant feature of that system is the way in which it enables restorative justice principles to be implemented in an integrated manner in a statutory framework supervised by the courts and applicable to all young offenders throughout New Zealand. FGCs are used both as a diversionary technique (pre-adjudication) and at a (post-adjudication) pre-sentencing stage. In addition this type of model is now being applied in a voluntary way but on a small scale with adults. A significant feature of the FGC model is its greater use of community-based solutions with a consequent reduction in the number of young persons in state institutions.     

论宪法的公民程序权

宪法与程序紧密相联，而宪法的公民程序权作为公民的基本权利，对于宪法的实施和人权保护起着至关重要的作用。