Community rehabilitation workers as catalysts for disability: inclusive youth development through service learning

This paper explores access to health and education for disabled youth in sites with and without community rehabilitation workers (CRWs). A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was undertaken in nine sites in South Africa, and a snowball sample of 523 disabled youths of both sexes, aged between 18 and 35 years, was selected. The survey found that a significantly larger proportion of disabled youth living in sites with CRWs were seen by health care workers at home, and that there was a large difference in educational access between sites with and without CRWs. CRWs are well positioned to promote equal citizenship for disabled youth through service learning with occupational therapy final year students to improve access to health and education, so that barriers to their participation in economic development are removed.     

Social and economic inclusion of people with disabilities: practical lessons from Bangladesh

People with disabilities remain one of the most excluded minorities, often deprived of the benefits of mainstream development programmes. This practical note reports on lessons learnt in delivering a programme combining a community based rehabilitation (CBR) and self-help group approach with disabled persons in rural Bangladesh. Our findings demonstrate how targeted programmes can bring about the social and economic inclusion of disabled persons. We also highlight the greater effectiveness of CBR programmes when targeting a more diverse client base, when not based on debt recovery, and how targeted programmes can even benefit the wider community.     

Benefits and challenges of micro-enterprise participation: women's cottage industry in Kaimosi,Kenya

This article investigates the perspectives of Kenyan women in the Kaimosi cottage industry regarding the benefits and challenges of producing craft commodities for the global marketplace. Utilising qualitative methods, the research provides an understanding of issues the women faced in producing and marketing goods and offers insights for NGOs into some pitfalls for the sustainability of micro-enterprises. The women asserted that participation in the micro-enterprise had improved their family's economic well-being, helped finance their children's education, and improved their community status. This supports the literature that has found that women's involvement in micro-enterprises reduces poverty and improves well-being.     

Management not models: adaptability,responsiveness, and a few lessons from football

Despite a swathe of critiques of logframes and other blueprint approaches to development over the last 30 years, most aid infrastructure continues to concentrate on the design and subsequent implementation of closed models. This article does not propose an alternative to blueprints, but challenges the inflexibility of their implementation, which is inadequate given the complex nature of social change. It proposes a supplementary management and learning approach which enables implementers to be dynamic, adaptive, and responsive to problems and opportunities. Emphasising the role of donors, the paper presents a case study of one donor-led programme in Bangladesh doing just this.     

Mental Capacity Act,Anorexia Nervosa and the Choice Between Life‐Prolonging Treatment and Palliative Care: A NHS Foundation Trust v Ms X

The Court of Protection decided in A NHS Foundation Trust v Ms X that an anorexia nervosa patient lacked the capacity to refuse treatment for her eating disorder, but that it was not in her best‐interests to be subject to force‐feeding to prolong her life. The Court, vindicating previous judgments in similar cases, considered that the eating disorder rendered the patient incapable of deciding on nutrition and, therefore, that she lacked the capacity to refuse treatment for anorexia nervosa. This paper questions the narrow way in which the patient's decision was characterised by the Court in this and previous cases, which led to an application of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 that is incompatible with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities because, based on a diagnosis only, anorexia nervosa patients were denied the right to decide where the balance lies between quality and duration of their own lives.     

日本国家安全保障会议探析

国家安全决策机制是整个国家政权体系的基本构成,是国家权力安排的重要组织表现,也是公民安全诉求的主要凭借。以1947年美国成立国家安全委员会为起点,世界各主要国家无不结合本国实际,积极探索"国安委"模式的建构。安倍内阁为突破战后体制束缚,谋求使日本成为正常国家,在经济、政治、军事上全面出击,其标志性事件就是日本国家安全保障会议的革新。它以国家安全保障局为机构依托,辅之《国家安全保障会议设置法》与《特定秘密保护法》,借力美国"亚太再平衡"战略,为日本安保体制带来战术和战略层面的双重改善,是安倍集权外向扩张的先兆,将给中日关系、东亚局势产生诸多不确定性因素。     

《俄罗斯联邦刑法典》中的资格刑规定述评

<俄罗斯联邦刑法典>由俄罗斯国家杜马1996年5月24日通过,联邦委员会于1996年6月5日批准,俄罗斯联邦总统于1996年6月13日批准,1997年1月1日起施行.资格刑在<俄罗斯联邦刑法典>中占有重要地位.本文对该法典有关资格刑的规定进行介绍并作简要评价,以期有助于我国资格刑立法的完善.     

日本国家赔偿特别领域要论

国会立法的内容被法院认定违反宪法时 ,属于国家赔偿法上的违法 ;立法不作为时 ,法院承认国会有广泛的立法裁量权 ,但也认为存在违法性不作为的情形。因行政权限不行使发生损害时 ,成立国家的赔偿责任 ,但受到国民法益的性质、违反的义务的性质、注意义务的基准等因素的影响。关于非权力作用 ,理论与判例均未形成一致认识 ,但在学校事故事件、行政指导及信息提供等方面 ,已有适用国家赔偿法的倾向。     

治安管理处罚的民主精神简论

治安管理处罚法在立法宗旨、立法原则及处罚程序的设定等法律条文中,处处体现出社会主义民主精神,是对以往公安行政立法的发展和完善。治安管理处罚法的通过和实施,对规范和保障公安机关在治安管理处罚活动中严格执法、尊重和保障人权,构建和谐社会,都具有重要意义。     

刑法中的正当化行为与犯罪构成关系的理性思考

与大陆法系、英美法系均将刑法中的正当化行为置于犯罪构成体系之中的做法所不同的是 ,刑法中的正当化行为是游离于我国传统的耦合式犯罪构成体系之外的一个“活泼元素”。这样的关系 ,与现代刑事法治的精神不相契合 ,实有认真检讨和改进的必要。英美法系双层次犯罪构成模式为刑法中的正当化行为的纳入 ,尤其是超法规的正当化行为的充分展开 ,不仅提供了极其广阔的空间 ,而且因赋予其程序要件的色彩 ,从而突出强调了程序正义的价值 ,推动了宪法在刑事领域的司法化。因之 ,借鉴英美法系双层次犯罪构成的结构模式 ,吸纳我国传统犯罪构成体系中的合理成份 ,实现经验与理性的沟通 ,应当成为改造我国传统的耦合式犯罪构成体系的努力方向。