地方领导性别与民众清廉感知:基于中国城市的实证研究

本文从地方领导性别的视角出发,引入代表性官僚理论,揭示了女性地方领导提升民众清廉感知的作用机理.作者对2015年"中国城乡社会治理调查"与城市主政领导背景信息数据进行匹配分析,发现女性在本地担任领导职务显著提升了当地居民对地方政府清廉程度的感知.进而,女性地方领导对民众清廉感知的提升作用主要体现在女性居民中,在男性居民...     

关于非公企业女职工劳动保护的几点思考

非公企业女职工的劳动保护实施存在着若干障碍。有经济原因,更有社会原因。除了提高女职工的自我保护能力外,落实政府监督职能,促使企业业主"增强"法律意识是更为重要的解决途径。     

一个值得重视的社会问题--女性违法犯罪

当前女性犯罪的特征主要有性罪错是女性违法犯罪的基本类型;女性实施暴力违法犯罪是值得注意的一个新动向;女性作案的手段诡密隐蔽;低龄化趋势已成为明显的特点;女性是违法犯罪团伙中的粘合剂.预防女性违法犯罪一是加强教育,提高女性的整体素质;二是全社会重视,积极创造预防女性违法犯罪的条件;三是加强基层组织建设,充分发挥其预防女性违法犯罪的作用;四是政法部门应当大力配合,做好对妇女的"维权"工作.     

女性的性别失落与尴尬——试论延安时期的女性写作

在男女平等的表象下,延安时期的女性写作和她们笔下的女性形象依然表明,女性仍然处于依附者地位。她们不仅从外形上失去女性特征,还被剥夺了女性私密空间。她们的婚姻并未实现真正的平等,反而加速了被物化的过程。同时根据需要,她们不断调整奉献给革命的方式,即便在此过程中遭遇了巨大的身体苦难。     

Domestic service and female domestic servants: A port-city comparison of Bremen and Liverpool, 1850–1914

The author analyzes the development of domestic service in Bremen and Liverpool as two examples of major commercial ports in the 19th century characterized by significant merchant wealth and casual, dock-related employment. The migration pattern and age structure of domestic servants are examined and key aspects of their employment history are explored in terms of residential location, length of service, and social background of their employers. Census data are used for both port cities (drawing, in particular on the relational database currently being constructed for the Liverpool Mercantile Project), together with the Bremen civil registers for marriages and deaths, and qualitative material, such as diaries and autobiographies from members of the merchant class. By developing an explicitly comparative analysis within the framework of an established typology the article provides a basis for assessing the extent to which the nature of domestic service in the two port cities, as well as the recruitment and retention of domestic servants, was determined by similarities in the growth of merchant wealth and culture or by distinct regional or national characteristics in the underlying pattern of urban migration.     

《所罗门之歌》——一首关于黑人命运的悲歌

《所罗门之歌》是一部从黑人女性视角讲述的关于黑人悲苦命运的故事。“所罗门之歌”就是黑人要找的金子。对于莫里森来说,“所罗门之歌”只是一个象征,它象征了属于美国黑人自己的文化和历史,生活在美州土地上的非洲裔居民,只有熟悉属于自己民族的文化和历史,才能获得心理意义上的真正的自由。     

Twenty years of femicide in Milan: A retrospective medicolegal analysis

Femicide constitutes a leading cause of premature deaths for women, yet it has been the subject of limited research until recently. Enhanced data collection and analysis on killings of women and girls are necessary to understand and address this unrelenting phenomenon. This study examines all cases of female homicide encountered at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan (Italy) spanning from 1999 to 2019; data from 2020/2021 were shown separately given the bias that the forced cohabitation and stay at home during the lockdowns of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may represent regarding violence against women and femicide. In this study, specific factors were considered, including the age and nationality of the victims, the place of recovery of the bodies, the victim’s relationship to the perpetrator and the injuries they suffered. As a result, 200 female killings were found among the over 15,000 autopsies and 535 homicides investigated at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan from 1999 to 2019, representing an average of 9.5 femicides yearly. The majority of victims were Italian (74%) and half were aged between 18 and 49 years old. The killings were overwhelmingly committed in the domestic setting (78.5%) by male perpetrators (at least 85%), related to the victims as intimate or ex-intimate partners and members of the family (73.5%). The homicides were mainly perpetrated with sharp (32%) or blunt instruments (21.5%), shooting (18.5%) and asphyxiation (16.5%). This study is part of a growing effort to enhance data collection and analysis on femicide. Studying and monitoring the rates of femicide (or “femicide watch”) will permit to better understand, reduce, and finally end femicide globally.     

‘It lets out all my demons’: Female young offenders' perceptions about the impact of alcohol on their offending behaviour

The paper reports on findings from 55 qualitative face-to-face interviews with young offenders, and observations of 41 youth offender panel meetings over an 18-month period taking place in two Youth Offending Teams in the Southeast of England. It discusses the perception of correlation between drunkenness and offending asserted by a high number of the female offenders and compares this to perceptions of male offenders, both in this research and from previous research studies. The research brings into question whether current interventions are effective and puts forward suggestions for capitalizing on the apparent greater willingness of female offenders to acknowledge the significant negative impact of drunkenness on their behaviour.     

Surrendering Solidarity

Abstract

Previous literature on women working in corrections suggests that male coworkers, supervisors, and inmates are hostile and resistant toward female correctional officers (COs). Although this research provides insight into the female CO position, these studies only contemplate the influence of male coworkers, supervisors, and inmates. Little research takes into account the impact that other women working in corrections have on the female CO position. This paper considers this missing link through two research questions. First, “How do female COs view other women in corrections?” and second, “In what ways do these viewpoints influence the female CO position?” Twelve in-depth interviews conducted with female COs are utilized to answer these questions. Results indicate that participants viewed other women in corrections negatively. These viewpoints influenced the female CO position by furthering the “ultra-masculine” nature of the prison that rewards masculinity and discourages femininity.     

Girls' Delinquency and the Justice Implications of Intake Workers' Perspectives

Abstract

This research examines the legal processing of girls in the context of intake workers' perceptions of girls' delinquency in a large southwestern county in which Mexican-Americans are the numerical majority. Using official records and in-depth interviews, girls' delinquency and the complexities of intake workers' perceptions of gender, ethnicity and social class are examined. With the exception of a low number of referrals for drugs, girls were referred for those offenses most common among girls nationally: shoplifting, status offenses, and simple assaults. Juvenile Probation and Parole Officers (JPPOs) explained girls' referrals in the context of family and other relationships. Girls were described as sexualized and manipulative. JPPOs identified white girls as privileged and linked this privilege to conflict with parents. Latinas were described as experiencing the most pressure toward traditional gender roles and a sex-based double standard. The implications of these data for juvenile justice decision-making and policy in this jurisdiction are discussed.