夏洛蒂作品《教师》的女性意识研究

《教师》是英国维多利亚时期伟大的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的第一部小说,是夏洛蒂生活的一副精美素描,她把自己自尊自强的女性意识及对未来的家庭婚姻设想融入这部小说,虽然在某种程度上带有理想的色彩,但却揭示出夏洛蒂对女性生活和命运的深层思考,由于小说所体现的超前的女性意识,深受中外读者的喜爱,也为后来的女性主义文学批评提供了宝贵的精神财富。     

Being women in a male preserve: an ethnography of female football ultras

This article looks at the characteristics of contemporary sports audiences from the perspective of gender, focusing on the phenomenon of female ultras or ‘professional’ football fans. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in an Italian football ultras group composed of male and female fans, this paper offers an analysis of female participation in communities of organized supporters. In examining the role and position of women inside the considered group, the paper pays attention to their perception of the existing gender differences showing how female ultras explain inequalities on the basis of ‘natural’ and ‘innate’ differences and capacities between men and women. Existing patterns of male dominance are supported by female fans’ own discourses and performance of their gender identity in the ‘male preserve’. Rather than questioning male dominance and gender hierarchies, female supporters’ efforts appear aimed at being recognized as ultras ‘despite being women’.     

Ethiopian female domestic labour migration to the Middle East: patterns,trends, and drivers

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the trends, patterns, and determinants of Ethiopian domestic labour migration to Arab countries. The primary motive behind migration is to move out of poverty and to improve family living standards through remittances. Migration to Arab countries has intensified due to social networks, expansion of illegal agencies, and the relative fall of migration costs. This movement is also the result of a shift in demand away from Asian domestic workers who tend to seek higher wages, to cheap labour source countries such as Ethiopia. This underlines not only the complexity of human mobility across national borders but also indicates the importance of conceptualising this movement in a broader global perspective, going beyond the traditional push-pull factors embedded in origin and destination countries. Female domestic migrants have received marginal attention from policy-makers and their vulnerability to various forms of abuse and exploitation has continued over the years.     

Comparing the Effects of Treatment on Female Juvenile Gang and Non-Gang Members

Abstract

Most research indicates that males comprise the greatest proportion of gang members. Since the 1990s, however, there has been an increasing interest in female gangs and gang members. The current study builds on this research interest by examining differences between female gang members and non-gang members who participated in a juvenile probation program designed to identify and intervene with youth considered to be high risk for subsequent criminal and delinquent activity. The results of a logistic regression analysis revealed that two factors significantly influenced a female offender's likelihood of being rearrested: she did not complete the program, and she did not live with her natural parent(s). We conclude that the significant results do support findings from previous research in this area; we also discuss possible explanations as to why other factors were not significantly related to rearrests.     

Saving male time,exploiting female labour: The woman as the “driving force” in premodern society, 1700–1914

Research on the division of male and female labor during pre-industrial and industrial times has overlooked the significance of the bearing and carrying work done by women in a variety of occupations. The history of the labor force in and around the city of Liege in Belgium provides numerous examples of how women – almost like beasts of burden – carried over long distances bread, coal, and the finished products of domestic industry. In industrializing Liege, they not only took care of the above-ground conveyancing in coal mining, but also often pulled barges through canals and rivers. These activities by women, badly remunerated, eliminated the need for men in these tasks, and thus saved entrepreneurs both time and money. The nuanced investigation of work time, family time, and the division of labor among the sexes, as carried out by Tamara Hareven, has sensitized researchers to questions of this kind for understanding the nature of work in the pre-modern times as well as in the process of industrialization.     

东南亚民主化浪潮中的女领袖现象探析

自20世纪80年代中期民主化浪潮以来,东南亚涌现出众多女领袖,她们因为是著名男性政治家的妻女而对民众有较大的号召力;因为具有非暴力和温顺的女性特质而得到对长期专制统治极度不满的民众的拥戴;因为追求自由、民主和人权的理想而被视为民主的象征;因为个人能力而在危机中挺身而出。这些使她们能在民主化浪潮中成为领袖,团结反对派力量,挑战专制统治。但东南亚女领袖现象并不是妇女地位提高的标志,也不表明父权制的式微,因为正是父权制为女领袖提供了支持,而女领袖并不挑战父权制,相反,她们利用并维护父权制。     

未成年女性遭受性侵害的特点、原因及对策

未成年女性遭性侵犯的案件明显增多,严重危害了未成年女性的身心健康,对社会治安构成了极大的威胁。这类案件具有持续时间长,情节恶劣,范围广,后果严重,难以侦破的特点。其主要原因是犯罪分子道德沦丧,单位管理不严,学校、家庭教育失误,法制不健全。必须改善社会环境,加大打击力度,开展被害者调查,填补学校、家庭教育空白,健全制度,完善立法。     

综合性中文门户网站女性频道与青年女性发展——以新浪、搜狐、网易为例

综合性中文门户网站女性频道崇尚自由、情感、现代,表面上体现了对青年女性的关爱,实际上是打着妇女解放的旗号,对青年女性实行新一轮的压迫.商业动机和女性网络工作者的缺位是女性频道变相复制现实中男女不平等的深层次原因,女性频道只有树立起真正的社会责任感,让女性赢得话语权,才是有利于青年女性发展的出路.     

Domestic Violence, Couple Interaction and Children’s Health in Latin America

This paper examines the relationships between several measures of couple interaction and children’s health. We hypothesize that more maternal input in decision-making, joint discussion of health issues, and the absence of violence and male control are conducive to better child health. Mortality and nutritional status are used as measures of child health. Analyses are based on Demographic and Health Surveys in five Latin American countries (Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Haiti and Nicaragua). Violence is the best interaction predictor of poor nutrition and lack of female autonomy is the best predictor of higher mortality. Joint discussion of family planning and joint decision-making about household issues are also predictive of child health. Male controlling behavior did not have a strong relationship with health outcomes in most countries. Overall, findings indicate that positive couple interaction is associated with improved health outcomes for children.