危险犯问题研究

通过归纳分析,对危险犯的含义、危险犯的构成特点作了回答,并通过不同标准的分类,从不同角度对危险犯进行了探讨。     

侦查理论与实务几个问题的探讨

我国《刑事诉讼法》的修改必须考虑到中国的实际情况,应避免立法主张上浓厚的理想主义色彩;我国正酝酿着侦查理念的一次变革和飞跃,但相应的制度和经费保障能不能到位,对此有着直接的影响;“命案必破”的提法虽有积极作用,但其负面作用日益凸显,因此应停止使用;处置劫持人质案件的培训工作应有计划性和整体规范;对心理画像结论的准确性、具体性和可靠性程度应该有客观的认识,不能对其怀有过高的期望。     

商业承兑汇票诈骗犯罪及对策探析

企业和银行相勾结,把真实的商业承兑汇票、伪造的贸易背景材料和银行的虚假贴现相结合,办理转贴现、再贴现骗取银行资金,名义是“融资”,实际是票据诈骗犯罪。公安机关应理顺公、检、法机关的纵向联动机制,建立银行、企业、工商等部门的横向协作机制,在始终坚持打击票据诈骗犯罪的同时,为各类市场经济主体提供防范指导、信息咨询和法律帮助等方面的服务,在防控、打击票据犯罪中发挥更大的作用。     

日本银行体系的脆弱性与其金融安全网的演变

金融安全网作为保持金融体系、尤其是银行体系安全稳健运行而建立的危机防范和管理的一系列制度安排,一直受到各国金融监管当局和相关学者的关注。日本从二战后至80年代金融业处于长期稳定状态,使许多人推崇日本当时的金融安全网。然而,正是这个安全网阻碍了市场约束发挥作用,掩盖了日本银行体系长期积累下的脆弱性。进入90年代,随着金融环境的变化,日本传统的金融安全网明显失效,其金融业进入长达十余年的不稳定时期。安全网也随之发生变革。     

论单位人格否认之法理

单位人格否认法理,是指对于缺乏独立人格的单位所实施的犯罪,否认该单位具有单位犯罪主体的人格,进而直接追究单位背后操纵犯罪的自然人或者其他单位的刑事责任。单位人格否认论,以单位人格的二元构造和间接正犯的理论为基础,其适用范围包括单位缺乏合法身份、缺乏犯罪能力和缺乏刑罚适应能力的场合。幕后操纵者是自然人的,以自然人犯罪处罚;幕后操纵者是有独立人格的单位的,以单位犯罪处罚。     

财政公共化改革的三个基本任务--支出结构调整、公开透明与责任落实

公共财政是公共管理和社会管理的经济基础,同时公共财政的运行制度和游戏规则是作为政治行政体制一部分的上层建筑。建立公共财政框架,需要对经济体制、政治行政体制进行全方位的改革。关键任务有:一是调整财政支出结构,确保社会公共需要的满足;二是提高公开透明程度,使公众确实能够了解、监督财政运行状况;三是落实财政责任,给权力以充分对应的制约。后两个任务的核心是民主和法治,旨在建立财政公共化的制度基础,关键是要重建政府预算制度。从历年的国家审计报告看,解决这个问题非常紧迫、相当艰巨、极端重要。     

对我国劳动教养制度的法理分析

劳动教养制度是我国法律的独创,但其在立法和执法上的种种弊端是对《宪法》精神和《刑法》罪刑法定原则的违背,更有悖法治精神,影响司法公正。本文从劳动教养制度的形成、发展和演变入手,对劳教制度进行了法理分析,将其与《宪法》、《立法法》、《行政处罚法》、《刑法》等相关法律相比较,探讨了我国劳动教养制度的立法体例,进而提出与我国刑法相整合的建议。     

LEARNING TO BE BAD: ADVERSE SOCIAL CONDITIONS,SOCIAL SCHEMAS,AND CRIME*

In this article, we develop and test a new approach to explain the link between social factors and individual offending. We argue that seemingly disparate family, peer, and community conditions lead to crime because the lessons communicated by these events are similar and promote social schemas involving a hostile view of people and relationships, a preference for immediate rewards, and a cynical view of conventional norms. Furthermore, we posit that these three schemas are interconnected and combine to form a criminogenic knowledge structure that results in situational interpretations legitimating criminal behavior. Structural equation modeling with a sample of roughly 700 African American teens provided strong support for the model. The findings indicated that persistent exposure to adverse conditions such as community crime, discrimination, harsh parenting, deviant peers, and low neighborhood collective efficacy increased commitment to the three social schemas. The three schemas were highly intercorrelated and combined to form a latent construct that strongly predicted increases in crime. Furthermore, in large measure, the effect of the various adverse conditions on increases in crime was indirect through their impact on this latent construct. We discuss the extent to which the social‐schematic model presented in this article might be used to integrate concepts and findings from several major theories of criminal behavior.     

Y-haplotype screening of local patrilineages followed by autosomal STR typing can detect likely perpetrators in some populations

The male-specific, human Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are very useful in forensic analysis and human evolution studies. The authors report two sexual crime cases in which the perpetrators were successfully traced using Y-haplotype screening of local patrilineages followed by autosomal STR typing. First, several main local patrilineages from local cases were investigated using Y-STR haplotyping, aimed to find the pedigrees whose haplotypes were identical or similar to those of the crime scene samples. Then, several key suspects were defined from the screened pedigrees, and autosomal STR typing was performed to identify the perpetrator of the crime. The application of Y-haplotype screening of local patrilineages followed by autosomal STR typing in these two cases demonstrates its usefulness for solving sexually related crimes in certain populations.     

The Relationship Between Deprivation and Forensic Material Recovered from Stolen Vehicles: Is it Affected by Vehicle Condition and Tidiness?

Previous research has shown that as crime scene location deprivation increases (lower socioeconomic status), the recovery of forensic material, principally DNA and fingerprints, also increases. However, this increase does not result in more crimes being solved by forensic means. In this study, we analyze stolen vehicle data and find a statistically significant positive association between deprivation and the amount of forensic material that matched either the victim or an associate of the victim on a criminal database. The nature of this association was investigated further by inspecting recovered stolen vehicles to establish whether the condition of a stolen vehicle and the tidiness of its interior influenced the recovery of forensic material that was attributed to the victim or an associate. Contradictory results suggest that other factors may contribute to understanding the association between the recovery of victim- or associate-attributable forensic material and crime scene location deprivation.