试论进一步加强和改进公安派出所消防监督工作

根据《云南省公安派出所消防监督工作规定》的要求,如何以公安派出所为依托,以消防工作社会化为目标,改进公安派出所消防监督管理工作,有效发挥派出所实施消防监督检查的效果,预防和减少各类火灾事故的发生,实现消防监督服务基层化、群众化,是摆在我们面前一项重要而又紧迫的工作。     

谈公安消防部队在反恐救援中的地位及作用

当前国际恐怖犯罪活动日益猖獗，我国急需建立一支训练有素、保障有力、救援经验丰富的队伍参加恐怖袭击发生后的救援工作。依托现役消防部队建立一支以消防部队为主体的反恐救援队伍，努力加强其政治、装备及业务等方面的建设，是解决当前我国反恐救援队伍缺乏的有效途径之一。     

从管制到治理：中国公共消防行政发展趋向探索

转型期的中国公共消防行政既面临着难得的机遇,又面临着严峻的挑战,消防行政管理部门必须契合经济社会发展进程和消防工作发展规律,推进公共消防行政由管制型向治理型转变,着力提升社会消防安全自治能力,使消防工作走上全面协调可持续的科学发展之路。     

化学反应器火灾爆炸事故树分析研究

本文运用事故树(FTA)分析方法,根据大量事故案例,分析了反应容器火灾爆炸事故发生的类型和原因,并排出了结构重要度顺序,对于此类事故的调查和防范具有一定实用意义。     

空间碎片造成空间环境污染的国际责任

空间碎片是人类发射空间实体在外空留下的太空垃圾,其造成空间环境污染是一特殊种类的环境污染问题.空间实体发射国在外空留下空间碎片违背了其应承担的国际法义务,在外空的空间碎片无法辨认其归属的情况下,清扫外空的空间碎片和预防产生新的空间碎片应该是国际社会所有的空间实体发射国的共同国际责任.     

Evaluation of a Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction Method for the Analysis of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris

The chemical analysis of fire debris represents a crucial part in fire investigations to determine the cause of a fire. A headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) procedure for the detection of ignitable liquids in fire debris using a fiber coated with a mixture of three different sorbent materials (Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane, DVB/CAR/PDMS) is described. Gasoline and diesel fuel were spiked upon a preburnt matrix (wood charcoal), extracted and concentrated with HS‐SPME and then analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The experimental conditions—extraction temperature, incubation and exposure time—were optimized. To assess the applicability of the method, fire debris samples were prepared in the smoke density chamber (SDC) and a controlled‐atmosphere cone calorimeter. The developed methods were successfully applied to burnt particleboard and carpet samples. The results demonstrate that the procedure that has been developed here is suitable for detecting these ignitable liquids in highly burnt debris.     

Using Alkylate Components for Classifying Gasoline in Fire Debris Samples

The characteristic that discriminates gasoline from other ignitable liquids is that it contains high‐octane blending components. This study elaborates on the idea that the presence of gasoline in fire debris samples should be based on the detection of known high‐octane blending components. The potential of the high‐octane blending component alkylate as a characteristic feature for gasoline detection and identification in fire debris samples is explored. We have devised characteristic features for the detection of alkylate and verified the presence of alkylate in a large collection of gasoline samples from petrol stations in the Netherlands. Alkylate was detected in the vast majority of the samples. It is demonstrated that alkylate can be detected in fire debris samples that contain traces of gasoline by means of routine GC‐MS methods. Detection of alkylate, alongside other gasoline blend components, results in a more solid foundation for gasoline detection and identification in fire debris samples.     

火场样品中汽油与稀释剂燃烧残留物的区分方法探讨

目的探讨火场样品中汽油与稀释剂燃烧残留物的区分方法。方法样品用ATD—GC—MS法检验,检验结果通过对芳烃、烷烃、茚满、和萘系列的4个特征离子色谱图与已知汽油和稀释剂作比较,并结合向量夹角法计算样品与汽油色谱指纹图的相似度来区分汽油与稀释剂残留物。结果个别品种的稀释剂燃烧残留物与汽油很相似,但彼此有某些差别。结论使用本方法,一般能将汽油与稀释剂燃烧残留物区分开。     

灭火战斗评定指标体系的构建

目前,公安消防部队进行灭火战斗的评定结果,可划分为成功、基本成功、失败三种类型。评定方法主要采用因果分析法、事件树分析法和等级累计积分法。此评定结果实用性不强、方法有效性不足,另一方面灭火战斗评定具有不确定、模糊、动态变化、复杂等特性。因此,为科学客观的分析和评价灭火战斗行动,本文采用定性和定量相结合的、系统化、层次化的分析方法来构建灭火战斗评定的指标体系,科学合理的划分各级指标体系。     

A solid-phase microextraction method for the detection of ignitable liquids in fire debris

A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) procedure involving direct contact between the SPME fibers and the solid matrix and subsequent gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis for the detection of accelerants in fire debris is described. The extraction performances of six fibers (100 mum polydimethylsiloxane, 65 mum polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene, 85 mum polyacrylate, 85 mum carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane, 70 mum Carbowax-divinylbenzene, and 50/30 mum divinylbenzene-Carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane) were investigated by directly immersing the fibers into gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel. For simulated fire debris, in the direct contact extraction method, the SPME fiber was kept in contact with the fire debris matrix during extraction by penetrating plastic bags wrapping the sample. This method gave comparable results to the headspace SPME method in the extraction of gasoline and kerosene, and gave an improved recovery of low-volatile components in the extraction of diesel fuel from fire debris. The results demonstrate that this procedure is suitable as a simple and rapid screening method for detecting ignitable liquids in fire debris packed in plastic bags.