论国际刑事法院证据规则的混合模式——以大陆法系和英美法系证据规则比较为视角

国际刑事法院诉讼规则是一种混合模式,证据规则也不例外。而这种混合模式融合了大陆法系证据采纳的宽泛规定和普通法系证据收集、出示和审查中的对抗制因素。这种混合模式有其特定的成因,而大陆法系和普通法系对这一混合模式则存在不同的看法,本文从比较视角对这一问题进行了分析,并指出了其对我国证据立法的启示。     

涉讼司法鉴定收费制度的检视与重构

我国司法鉴定机构正经历着体制性的变革,司法鉴定事务的逐步立法规范,新的运作方式使现在的鉴定机构已成为市场主体,鉴定人也成为从鉴定费中获取收益的个体。过高的鉴定费用成为公民运用法律保护其合法权益的瓶颈,因而对鉴定费规制问题必须引起足够的重视。我国鉴定费问题突出表现在收费法律依据、收费标准、收费管理以及司法鉴定法律援助几个方面。鉴定费的收取制度应沿此问题的解决路径出发进行建构,其实质是公民诉权的保障和合法权益的维护。     

死刑复核中法医鉴定结论审查的特点与建议——基于634例统计分析

本文通过对634例死刑复核案件中法医鉴定结论审查情况的回顾性分析,发现死刑复核案件中法医鉴定结论具有5个特点:(1)死刑复核案件中法医鉴定结论需要移交法医审查的数量较多:(2)死刑复核案件中法官对鉴定结论或其他技术性问题审查的能力普遍不足,且差异很大:(3)死刑复核案件中法医鉴定结论质量差异较大,经过一审、二审审理,死刑复核案件中的法医学鉴定结论仍然存在各种问题,其中结论依据不足,可能需要补充鉴定、重新鉴定或无法继续鉴定的约占8%左右;(4)死刑复核案件中法医鉴定结论是否需要移送法医审查,受鉴定结论本身和法官个人因素的影响:(5)随着死刑复核工作的开展,法官对法医鉴定结论审查的能力有所提高。根据统计的结果,本文对目前死刑复核案件中法医鉴定结论的审查模式给予了一定的肯定,并对审查模式的不足进行了初步分析,在此基础上提出了完善死刑复核程序中鉴定结论审查内容、审查程序,提高法官鉴定结论的审查能力,建立技术法官制度的建议。     

Policing and Crime Act 2017: Changes to pre-charge bail and the impact on digital forensic analysis

Following the enactment of the Police and Crime Act 2017, subsequent amendments to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 have seen a ‘cap’ placed on the length of time a suspect can be released on bail; a process commonly referred to as ‘police bail’ or ‘pre-charge bail’. Whilst designed to instil consistency and certainty into bail processes to prevent individuals being subject to lengthy periods of regulation and uncertainty, it places additional pressures on forensic services. With a focus on digital forensics, examination of digital media is a complex and time-consuming process, with existing backlogs well documented. The need for timely completion of investigations to adhere to pre-charge bail rules places additional stress on an already stretched service. This comment submission provides an initial analysis of new pre-charge bail regulations, assessing their impact on digital forensic services.     

Evidence-informed or value-based? exploring the scrutiny of legislation in the UK Parliament

This article argues that three types of factor – process, subject and political circumstance – are likely to affect the extent to which claims of evidence are made during legislative scrutiny. It draws upon case studies of the National Minimum Wage Act 1998, the Academies Act 2010 and the Welfare Reform and Work Act 2016, utilising interviews with those involved and information from Hansard. The article concludes that these cases highlight that while there might be potential benefits from a yet more robust legislative scrutiny process, including greater use of pre-legislative scrutiny and the ability of public bill committees to take evidence from a wider range of witnesses and on all bills, subject and political factors would be likely to mean that the use of claims of evidence would continue to vary widely.     

Keeping the Family Together: Why New York Must Amend Evidence Rules to Protect a Parent's Right to be a Parent

In New York, hearsay statements made by children may be admissible in a child protective proceeding. Under Article 10 of the Family Court Act, an out‐of‐court statement only requires corroboration to support the statement's reliability. The Family Court has the choice to determine what evidence will be sufficient for corroboration. In comparison to other statutes from different states, New York's statute is very broad. This Note proposes amending the current evidence statute under Article 10 of the Family Court Act to strengthen the standard for admitting hearsay statements in child protective proceedings.     

浅析我国刑事证据法律概念的不合理性

在刑事诉讼中,刑事证据是刑事诉讼得以顺利进行的前提和基础,鉴于刑事证据的重要性,我国现行的刑事诉讼法对刑事证据的法律概念予以明确的规定,围绕刑事证据的法律概念,诉讼法学界曾对刑事证据概念的内涵作过诸多阐述,但很少对其法律概念的不合理性进行过论证。有鉴于此,本文从立法、逻辑的角度并结合司法实践全面阐述我国刑事证据法律概念存在的不合理性。     

信息制胜与危情控制战略

一线侦查人员必须掌握、运用多堆度的现场信息收集方法,并通过多种现场信息的组合,形成证据链以揭露和证实犯罪、锁定案犯,这是实现刑事侦查工作“信息制胜”并达到“消除、控制社会危情”目的的关键。     

试论"新的证据"——对《民事诉讼法》第179条第1款的理解

我国《民事诉讼法》第179条规定,当事人以新的证据为由申请再审,人民法院应当再审。《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》第44条对《民事诉讼法》第179条第1款规定的“新的证据”界定为原审庭审结束后新发现的证据。“新的证据”应作为再审提起的理由。对“新的证据”的认定应由审判庭进行认定。我国应对再审制度进一步完善,以使司法机关和当事人有章可循。     

环形闪光灯在物证照相中的应用

环形闪光灯是根据普通环形照明光源的特性,而专门为照相行业开发的一种专业照相照明灯具。以STARBLiTZl000型环形闪光灯照明为例,其具有照明时间短,亮度高,不灼伤物体表面,投射方向统一性、照明的均匀度高,成像清晰、影像细节丰富、色彩还原逼真、闪光亮度自动控制等特点。用途主要有对现场重点部位进行近距离拍摄,对小件实物物证进行脱影照相,对有色可见平面痕迹进行直接拍摄,对文件物证进行翻拍等,基本技法可归纳为常规照明法与特殊照明法两大类。