The kinetics of colour change in textiles and fibres treated with detergent solutions: Part I—Colour perception and fluorescence microscopy analysis

The aim of this study was to assess colour changes that occur in several types of commonly available textiles as a result of the long-term effects of various popularly used laundry detergents. A 14 day experiment was conducted using blue, red and grey/black cotton, wool, acrylic and polyester textiles. Colour changes were evaluated through the visual comparison of the colour of the textile samples against that of the untreated (control) material.The kinetics of the changes in the colour of the fibres were monitored using fluorescence microscopy (UV excitation filter). The conclusions include an assessment of the observed changes from a fibre analysis expert's point of view, as well as that of an average user/consumer of the products involved.     

A Fatal Shot with a Signal Flare—A Crime Reconstruction*

Abstract: A reconstruction of an incident of a fatal wounding of a football fan with a parachute flare was performed. Physical and chemical examinations of the victim’s trousers and parts of a flare removed from the wound in his leg were performed by means of an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. Signs of burning were seen on the front upper part of the trousers, including a 35–40 mm circular hole with melted and charred edges. Postblast residue present on the surface of the trousers contained strontium, magnesium, potassium, and chlorine. Also the case files—the medical reports and the witnesses’ testimonies—were thoroughly studied. It has been found that the evidence collected in the case supported the version of the victim being shot by another person from a distance.     

益肤乳膏剂制备工艺研究

目的 优选益肤乳膏剂最稳定配方及制备工艺。方法 筛选不同乳剂基质和不同乳化剂;并以外观性状和离心效果为指标,经正交设计试验对益肤乳膏的制备工艺进行优化。结果 益肤乳膏处方中油相比为33.6%,乳化剂选用甘油酯44/14和乳化-OP做混合乳化剂时最为稳定。在制备工艺中,采用水相加入油相、控制乳化温度在80 ℃、乳化时间30 min、搅拌速度750 r/min条件下制得的成品外观色泽佳,皮肤感觉良好,稳定性高。结论 所优选的益肤乳膏剂制备工艺简便、合理,所得制剂稳定,适用于工业化生产。     

根据Y小体的出现率确定脏器性别

作者用人的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、大脑、小脑制成涂片,用0.5％盐酸阿的平染色,pH5.5磷酸—枸橼酸缓冲液分化,在荧光显微镜下观察细胞核内的Y小体,计数其百分率。共观察了33具尸体的脏器,其中男性22人,女性11人。在男性脏器的细胞核中,Y小体的出现率为24％—80％,均值为48％;女性为0—8％,均值为0.76％;由此可见在两性间Y小体的分布不仅不相重迭,而且男性的下限与女性的上限相距甚远,故用本法进行脏器的性别鉴定是可行的。     

弥漫性轴索损伤的扫描电镜观察

弥漫性轴索损伤是一种具有独特的临床、病理学特征的脑损伤，是重型脑损伤的主要死因之一，作者对６例脑外伤ＳＥＭ研究发现：大脑皮质挫伤远区可见神经细胞树实折断，轴索排列紊乱、断裂、粗细不等，有的断端球形扩大（ｒｅｔｒａｃｔｂａｌｌ）。髓鞘变性、表面粗糙、呈筛孔状，有的坏死脱落至轴索裸露，有的可见星形细胞附着在毛细血管壁的足板有断裂，毛细血管淤血、弯曲、破裂出血、出血区可见纤维蛋白网络红细胞。ＳＥＭ下上述病变观察清楚，立体感强，不失为一种先进的研究手段，脑外伤ＤＡＩ的研究中尚未见报告。     

傅里叶红外光谱技术在法医学脑挫裂伤鉴定中的应用展望

脑挫裂伤是常见的一类颅脑损伤,单纯的组织病理学技术可能难以早期发现及精确诊断。傅里叶变换红外面扫描成像技术(FTIR-mapping)是病理学研究领域的新技术,因其结合了傅里叶变换红外光谱、红外显微镜技术以及面扫描成像技术的特点,具有测定方法简便、对样本无损、灵敏度高、准确、直观等优点,突破了传统技术的局限,能检测出发生了物质数量、结构以及构象变化但缺乏明显形态学变化的脑挫裂伤,从而实现早期精准地诊断脑挫裂伤。FTIR-mapping虽已能绘制某些损伤组织的红外光谱病理图像,但其在法医病理学中的价值有待全面深入开发。本文综述了脑挫裂伤的法医病理学研究进展以及傅里叶变换红外面扫描成像技术在法医病理学中的应用。     

Evaluation of four digestive methods for extracting diatoms

Objective

To compare the merit of four digestive methods (nitric acid plus hydrogen peroxide, proteinase K, nitric acid in Disorganization Can and Soluene-350) for extracting diatoms in order to choose the best digestive method for the diagnosis of drowning.

Methods

Liver, kidney and bone marrow of rabbits were minced and then digested by four digestive methods separately with the following indices compared: (1) time demanded for complete digestion; (2) degree of digestion for different tissues; (3) the reclaiming ratio of diatoms; (4) the degree of digestive destruction to diatoms.

Results

For sufficiently digesting the same tissue, the demanded times for the different methods ranked from the longest to the shortest were as follows: Soluene-350, proteinase K, nitric acid plus hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid in Disorganization Can. Nitric acid in Disorganization Can method and nitric acid plus hydrogen peroxide method digested the tissues more thoroughly than proteinase K, than Soluene-350 methods. For Cyclotella and Cybella, proteinase K method reclaimed most diatoms and nitric acid plus hydrogen peroxide method reclaimed less, while nitric acid in Disorganization Can and Soluene-350 methods reclaimed the least. For Navicula, the majority of diatoms could be extracted using proteinase K method, but only a few diatoms with other three methods. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the structure of diatoms remained almost perfect after digestion with proteinase K, but destroyed to some extent with other three methods.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that different diatoms (in fresh or sea water) have different resistance to different digestive reagents. As far as the reliability and applicability of the diatom test is concerned, proteinase K method is of the best choice, nitric acid plus hydrogen peroxide can be its substitute. Soluene-350 cannot be used for extracting sea water diatoms.     

大蒜素对卵巢癌细胞株HO8910生长的抑制作用

目的：观察大蒜素对卵巢癌细胞株HO8910的抑制作用。方法；用不同时间不同剂量大蒜素作用于HO8910，通过肿瘤细胞药敏试验。观察肿瘤细胞存活率，并通过透射电镜观察一定剂量的大蒜素作用于HO8910一定时间后，肿瘤细胞形态的改变。结果：50-100μg/ml大蒜素可显抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。且在作用2h时即出现显的抑制，随着作用时间的延长，抑制作用愈明显，72h害到高峰，透射电镜结果显示：50μg/ml的大蒜素作用HO891024h。细胞肿胀。细胞膜破碎，胞浆脱落。细胞核裸露；小剂量（25μg/ml)则HO8910呈现细胞凋亡样改变；细胞胞浆呈空泡，染色质边集，核仁固缩，胞质呈片状脱落。结论：大蒜素可显抑制HO8910的生长，且有明显的时间及剂量效应，大剂量的大蒜素对HO8910细胞呈直接杀伤作用。而小剂量则诱导细胞凋亡。     

几类常见钥匙被增配使用后在母匙上形成痕迹的检验方法

目的研究几类常见钥匙增配痕迹特征分布。方法用光学显微镜观察钥匙的增配痕迹。结果几类钥匙的增配痕迹能够观察到。结论通过检验不同种类钥匙上的痕迹特征可以确定是否为增配使用痕迹。     

口蹄疫病毒的纯化及鉴定

通过PEG 6 0 0 0沉淀 ,差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心等方法提取纯化了口蹄疫完整病毒粒子 (FMDV ) ,经 30g/L磷钨酸负染后电镜观察 ,FMDV 14 6S为中心黑染的圆形颗粒 ,与中心透亮的FMDV空衣壳有明显区别 ,SDS PAGE和Western blotting试验结果表明 ,FMDV 14 6S电泳出现VP1、VP2、VP3三条结构蛋白带 ,其中VP1和VP3与阳性血清发生反应出现 2条明显的条带。