The devil is in the detail: deception and consistency over repeated interviews

ABSTRACT

Research indicates that truthful statements typically contain more details than fabricated statements, and that truth tellers are no more consistent than liars over multiple interviews. In this experiment, we examine the impact of (i) multiple interviewers and (ii) reverse order recall on liars’ and truth tellers’ consistency and amount of reported detail over repeated recall attempts. Participants either took part in a mock crime (lying condition) or an innocent event (truth telling condition) which they were subsequently interviewed about in two separate interview phases. Truth tellers provided more details overall, and more reminiscent details than liars. There were no differences between veracity groups for the number of omissions made or repetitions reported. Despite the popular belief that inconsistency is a cue to deception, we found little support for the notion that consistency (or lack of consistency) offers a diagnostic cue to deception. We found little evidence that switching interviewer or recalling in reverse order induced inconsistencies in liars. In fact, due to the number of reminiscent details in truth tellers’ accounts, our findings suggest that accounts provided by liars tend to be slightly more consistent than those provided by truth tellers. Materials for this paper can be found at osf.io/hgvmk/.     

The flavour of history: Food,family and subjectivity in two Indo-European women's memoirs

This article examines two autobiographies written by women with family connections to the former Netherlands Indies (colonial Indonesia): Marguerite Schenkhuizen's Memoirs of an Indo Woman (1993 Schenkhuizen, M. (1993). Memoirs of an Indo Woman: Twentieth Century Life in the East Indies and Abroad. Edited and translated by Lizelot Stout van Balgooy. Athens, OH: Ohio Centre for International Studies: Monographs in International Studies. Southeast Asia Series Number 92.  [Google Scholar]) and Karina Schaapman's Motherless (2007 Schaapman, K. 2007. “Motherless: A true story of love and survival”. London: John Murray. Translated by Rosalind Buck [Google Scholar]). Particular attention is given to the customs surrounding the preparation, consumption and distribution of food within these women's families, practices that illuminate the formation and expression of identities across generations of Indo-European migrants, and between the colonial and post-colonial periods. Studies of colonial identity often essentially focus on how aspirations for group membership are expressed. Such emphasis can exaggerate the stasis and cohesion of colonial cultures at the expense of a more nuanced analysis of the varied, sometimes contradictory range of identities that exist within specific historical contexts. To approach identity and subjectivity as related but not necessarily congruent constructs provides significant insight into how ethnic identities that were formed in a family context altered in response to twentieth century decolonisation. The memoirs examined demonstrate that subjectivities formed with reference to foodways in Indo-European (Indo) families were gendered and raced. The colonial identities that were informed by these subjectivities found new and altered expression in the post-colonial era.     

Contextualising development projects among the San of Botswana: challenges of community gardening

The San of Botswana are marginalised and live in poverty. Through semi-structured interviews and participant observation in two San communities, we analyse challenges facing community garden initiatives, and find that the failure of the gardens related to how the San are treated, as well as how they themselves have come to view their situation as destitute people. We conclude that forced resettlement, and historical livelihood disruption, as well as government and NGO policies of doing development through welfare (e.g. handouts), to the neglect of genuine empowerment of people, are responsible for the limited success of the community gardens.

Contextualiser les projets de développement parmi les Sans du Botswana : les difficultés rencontrées dans le cadre des potagers communautaires

Les Sans du Botswana sont marginalisés et vivent dans la pauvreté. À travers des entretiens semi-structurés et l'observation des participants dans deux communautés sans, nous analysons les difficultés auxquelles se heurtent les initiatives de potagers communautaires et constatons que l’échec des potagers est lié à la manière dont les Sans sont traités, ainsi qu'au fait qu'ils ont eux-mêmes fini par voir leur situation comme celle de miséreux. Nous concluons que la réinstallation forcée et la perturbation des moyens de subsistance historiques, ainsi que les politiques suivies par les pouvoirs publics et les ONG de développement à travers les aides sociales (p. ex. dons d'argent) au lieu de favoriser une véritable autonomisation des personnes, sont à l'origine du succès limité des potagers communautaires.

Contextualizando proyectos de desarrollo entre los san de Botsuana: retos de los jardines comunitarios

Los san de Botsuana han sido marginalizados y viven en situación de pobreza. Apoyándose en entrevistas semiestructuradas y en observaciones participantes en dos comunidades san, las autoras analizan los retos que presentan las iniciativas de jardines comunitarios. Concluyen que el fracaso de los jardines se relaciona con la forma en que son tratados los san y con cómo ellos mismos perciben su propia situación de gente pobre. Asimismo, concluyen que la reubicación forzada, la disrupción de los medios de vida tradicionales, así como las políticas gubernamentales y aquellas impulsadas por ong que promueven el desarrollo a través de programas de bienestar (es decir, dádivas) a costa del empoderamiento genuino de las personas, constituyen las razones por las cuales los jardines comunitarios tuvieron un éxito limitado.

Contextualizando projetos de desenvolvimento entre os San de Botsuana: desafios das hortas comunitárias

Os San de Botsuana são marginalizados e vivem na pobreza. Através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação participativa em duas comunidades San, analisamos os desafios que as iniciativas de horta comunitária enfrentam e constatamos que o fracasso das hortas estão relacionados ao modo como os San são tratados, assim como a maneira como eles próprios vêem sua situação de carência. Concluímos que o reassentamento forçado e alterações históricas dos meios de subsistência, além de políticas do governo e de ONGs para promover o desenvolvimento através de políticas de bem-estar (ex.: doações) em detrimento do empoderamento genuíno das pessoas são responsáveis pelo sucesso limitado das hortas comunitárias.     

产品召回制度比较研究

我国产品召回制度建立比较晚。与英美法系和大陆法系一些发达国家、地区相比,我国产品召回制度很不完善,主要存在下列问题:现有产品召回法律位阶过低,缺乏权威性;执法主体体系不健全;缺乏权威、公正、中立的检测机构;产品召回的对象范围比较狭窄。可通过下列措施完善我国产品召回制度:制定、完善相关法律;明确政府各职能部门的分工,严格执行监督职能;设立公正的检测机构,统一认定标准;扩大产品召回对象的范围。     

食品安全检验检测体系建构与政府行为分析

本文运用系统论原理将食品安全检验检测体系分成检验检测机构、网络信息、控制协调、激励惩罚、责任追究、信用评价和资金保障体系等七个子系统。分析了各子系统的建设现状和发展要求,提出了促进食品安全检验检测能力提升的政府行为要求。     

日本食品药品公害的国家责任论析

日本出现的一系列大规模的食品药品公害诉讼中，在判处制造者承担侵权责任的同时，一些裁判例也明确了国家应承担相应责任，这有助于督促国家更好行使食品药品的监管职能，更好保护受害者的利益。本文通过分析食品药品公害民事裁判例中明确的国家责任，探讨日本国家责任的相关理论，论述日本国家在食品药品监管领域应承担的相关法律责任。     

中国企业如何应对产品召回

自上个世纪60年代起,以美国为首的发达国家先后建立了产品召回制度。鉴于目前频繁发生缺陷产品造成消费者伤害事件及不规范的产品召回实例,我国亟需建立产品召回制度。一旦建立产品召回制度,我国企业将首当其冲面临如何避免产品召回以及如何进行产品召回的问题,本文就上述问题展开探讨。     

Best practice for rural food security projects in Southern Africa?

It has been widely believed that commercialisation is the solution to food insecurity in rural Africa. Project designs have attempted to set up agricultural cooperatives and encourage entrepreneurial farmers. Yet the problems revealed in the 1950s are still widespread. In a counter-perspective, some have argued for the relevance of subsistence and low-input agriculture. This article examines three NGO projects in South and South-eastern Africa which prioritise food security through household subsistence, using low-input technologies, along with an encouragement to produce a surplus for cash. We look at what these projects share and why their strategies work.     

论食品安全规制中的企业主体责任——以日韩食品安全监督员为例

为了应对食品安全风险,进一步发挥企业主体责任,在企业内部设置食品安全监督员,是一种有效的措施。虽然我国2009年制定的《食品安全法》引入了食品安全员制度,但规定得过于原则。目前,我国《食品安全法》修订在即,最近的《食品安全法(修订草案送审稿)》规定了食品安全员资格,但是,我国在食品安全监督员的任职资格、责任等领域仍然需要进一步规定。日本、韩国的食品安全监督员制度比较成熟,可资借鉴;通过对比分析两种不同的制度背景和运作模式,有助于完善我国《食品安全法》中的食品安全员制度。