印文墨迹分布特征及材料特性在盖印时间鉴定中的应用

通常情况下一份完整的文件有抬头、内容、落款签名或印文、落款时间等多个要素组成,文件是否真实有效,取决于与该文件有关的诸多要素。在许多案件的审理过程中,文件形成的确切时间往往是当事各方主要争议的焦点,特别是文件上印章印文的盖印时间更是最为常见的提请鉴定的问题。根据鉴定实践和实验研究,对印文墨迹分布特征及材料特性在印章印文盖印时间鉴定中的应用,及在鉴定过程中应当引起注意的相关事项进行探讨,并通过实际案例予以说明。     

同源性机雕渗透印章印文鉴别方法

目的寻找同源性机雕渗透印章印文间的特征差异,探索检验鉴定此类印章印文的方法。方法制作了9枚同源性机雕渗透印章并盖印大量的印文样本,通过文检仪、显微镜等仪器观察分析印文特征。结果找出了同源性机雕渗透印章印文间的细节特征差异。结论同源性机雕渗透印章虽规格性特征符合好,但仍旧可以区分,检验鉴定要以细节特征比对为主。     

从足底压力分布看步法特征的可靠性

利用比利时FootScan压力传感器,对154名年龄在18至55岁之间的健康男性赤足正常行走时的足底压力数据进行提取,以运动生理学、运动生物力学及足迹步法特征理论为基础,用数理统计学方法对足迹压力数据进行了计算分析,对步法特征形成不同时期足与承受客体相互间的作用过程和作用方式进行深入、系统、定量的研究,进而对步法特征的传统理论进行验证,阐明了对步法特征理论中未经过科学验证部分的认识,并对步法特征理论中各类特征的可靠性及特征价值进行了初步的探讨,为今后的足迹步法特征检验鉴定工作和步法特征的发展完善都提供了有力的依据。     

Technological innovation in the recovery and analysis of 3D forensic footwear evidence: Structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry

The recovery of three-dimensional footwear impressions at crime scenes can be a challenge but can also yield important investigative data. Traditional methods involve casting 3D impressions but these methods have limitations: the trace is usually destroyed during capture; the process can be time consuming, with a risk of failure; and the resultant cast is bulky and therefore difficult to share and store. The use of Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry has been used widely to capture fossil footprints in the geological record and while there is a small body of work advocating its use in forensic practice the full potential of this technique has yet to be realised in an operational context. The availability of affordable software is one limiting factor and here we report the availability of a bespoke freeware for SfM recovery and subsequent analysis of for footwear evidence (DigTrace). Our aim here is not to provide a rigorous comparison of SfM methods to other recovery methods, but more to illustrate the potential while also documenting the typical workflows and potential errors associated with an SfM based approach. By doing so we hope to encourage further research, experimentation and ultimately adoption by practitioners.     

无碳复写字迹与印文的朱墨时序检验

依据无碳复写纸的制造工艺、结构特点和复写原理,对无碳复写字迹与印文的形成时序特征进行探索,寻求判断两者形成次序的规律性特征以及检验依据和方法,以较为直观的显微检验,分析朱墨交叉点的微观形态,并提出利用微囊壳颜色分析、谷底显色及转印痕迹分析等方法对无碳复写字迹与印文的形成时序进行准确的认定。     

拉曼光谱成像技术检验朱墨时序中书写笔种类对检验结果的影响研究

目的考察在运用拉曼光谱阵列面扫描检验朱墨时序的方法中书写笔油墨种类对检验结果的影响。方法根据拉曼谱图的不同对搜集的188种书写笔（包括22种黑色圆珠笔,62种蓝色圆珠笔,62种黑色签字笔,42种蓝色签字笔）进行扫描并分类,采用拉曼光谱阵列面扫描技术对书写笔与同一印泥和印油形成的朱墨时序样本进行检验。结果 188种书写笔被分为4大类23小类,4类书写笔与印泥或印油形成的朱墨时序样本都得到了较好的检验结果。结论在本实验条件下,书写笔油墨种类对拉曼光谱阵列面扫描检验朱墨时序的检验结果没有影响。     

Solid-state acquisition of fingermark topology using dense columnar thin films

Various vacuum techniques are employed to develop fingermarks on evidentiary items. In this work, a vacuum was used to deposit columnar thin films (CTFs) on untreated, cyanoacrylate-fumed or dusted fingermarks on a limited selection of nonporous surfaces (microscope glass slides and evidence tape). CTF deposition was not attempted on fingermarks deposited on porous surfaces. The fingermarks were placed in a vacuum chamber with the fingermark side facing an evaporating source boat containing either chalcogenide glass or MgF(2). Thermal evaporation of chalcogenide glass or MgF(2) under a 1 μTorr vacuum for 30 min formed dense CTFs on fingermark ridges, capturing the topographical features. The results show that it is possible to capture fingermark topology using CTFs on selected untreated, vacuumed cyanoacrylate-fumed or black powder-dusted nonporous surfaces. Additionally, the results suggested this might be a mechanism to help elucidate the sequence of deposition.     

Leisure in China

正New arrivals in China often get the impression that Chinese are工作狂(gōng zuòkuáng),workaholics.Yet,there is quite a bit of空闲(kòng xián),leisure,in China.Surprisingly,the Chinese love to休闲(xiūxián),relax,perhaps even more than we do.They love to spend their time养花(y ng huā),tending l owers,养鸟(y ng ni o),raising birds,or even养蛐蛐儿(y ng qūqur),keeping crickets.Chinese people are also fond of休闲活动(xiūxián huódòng),leisure games,notably麻将(májiàng),mahjong,whose pronunciation comes directly from the Chinese.The Chinese also     

检验尺画字的依据和方法新探

在尺画字检案经验的基础上，引用痕迹学观点，提出：尺画方式虽然暂时强制改变了书写动作习惯，但字符形象在大脑中形成的痕迹（字符静态印象）仍决定着尺画字的结构和错写等特征．字符静态印象对书写支配作用成为尺画字检验的主要依据．寻找和确定尺画字的特殊形态结构、基本笔划之间的搭配关系以及错写等特征，是检验尺画字的主要方法．     

客观的未遂犯处罚根据论之提倡

在现代法治国的不法理论框架内，作为主观未遂论之具体表现的计划理论和印象理论均具有不可克服的内在缺陷。主观的未遂犯处罚根据论虽为德国的通说及立法所采纳，但这不仅有其特定的历史原因，而且目前正受到日益激烈的批判。从世界范围来看，未遂犯论的客观化已成为刑法学发展的趋势和潮流。我国应采纳客观的未遂犯处罚根据论，并以事后查明的行为时全部事实为基础，站在行为时社会一般人的立场来判断法益侵害的危险。