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人类学背景下的语言和言语研究--论语言人类学的研究视野 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
语言人类学的学科定义以及语言实践、言语行为、指引性和参与性等理论方法的研究视野加深了我们对语言的理解。把语言视作一种交际工具、一种思维模式、一种文化实践 ,即一种行为形式的语言观 ,使得这门边缘学科能够创造性地继续影响它所吸收养分的人文社会学科 ,同时对我们理解语言对于人类的意义有其独特的贡献。语言人类学是人类学背景下的语言和言语研究 ,是把语言作为文化源和言语作为文化实践的研究 ,是语言学的一种人类学阐释。 相似文献
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北京地区尸生性蝇类研究及其在法医鉴定中的应用 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10
为提供法医学尸体死亡时间鉴定的准确性,对北京地区人尸上蝇类区系进行了系统调查(1994~1996)。发现本地区共有双翅目尸生性蝇类3科、12属、14种。其中常见种有红头丽蝇、丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇、肥须亚麻蝇、急钓亚麻蝇、棕尾别麻蝇和家蝇7种。对其常见种的幼虫进行不同温度和湿度下培养,观察常见环境因素,如日历期、风雨天气等因素对其生长发育速率的影响。结果表明,蝇类幼虫在其适宜生长发育的温度范围内,随着温度的升高发育速率加快,历期缩短;在同一温度和同一饲养条件下,发育速率因种而异;平均温度在28℃左右时,蝇类幼虫发育最快,尤其是1~2龄幼虫,时间为1天左右,且较稳定。这些数据对法医学推断死亡时间具有参考价值。 相似文献
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社会区隔:旅游活动的文化社会学本质--一种基于布迪厄文化资本理论的解读 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在布迪厄文化资本理论的认识架构内,旅游文化资本由其他类型的资本转换而来,可以区分为旅游文化能力、旅游文化产品和旅游文化制度三种形式.旅游文化资本的存在揭示了旅游活动的基本结构和其中隐含的权力动力学.旅游文化资本在某些条件下是人的社会竞争的有效资源,旅游活动只是社会区隔这一人的社会存在的本质目标的手段之一,社会区隔是旅游活动的文化社会学本质. 相似文献
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Muhammad Adnan Shan Julie Mechlenborg Rebecca Rgen Claus Brsting Niels Morling 《法庭科学研究(英文)》2022,7(2):202
We investigated the forensic efficacy of the 30 insertion/deletion (Indel) markers included in the Qiagen Investigator® DIPplex kit in 529 Pakistani individuals from five major subpopulations in Pakistan (Punjabi, Pashtun, Sindhi, Saraiki, and Baloch). In the Sindhi population, the distribution of HLD81 and HLD97 alleles deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. The combined match probability ranged from 2.0E-12 (Pashtun and Baloch) to 1.0E-12 (Sindhi), and the mean paternity exclusion power varied from 0.995 (Punjabi, Sindhi, and Saraiki) to 0.996 (Pashtun and Baloch). The high combined power of discrimination (0.999 999 999 999 97) and low combined match probability (1.7E-12) for all subpopulations studied support the utility of the 30 Indel markers for forensic identification in the studied subpopulations. The allele frequencies of the Indel markers in the Pakistani subpopulations were compared with those from 18 other populations. The results show that the populations clustered according to geography. The subpopulations investigated in this work showed a close genetic relationship with others from Pakistan, as well as with South Central Asian and Middle Eastern populations. The results suggest that the Investigator® DIPplex kit can be useful as a supplementary tool for human identification in the five Pakistani subpopulations investigated in this study.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1933366 . 相似文献
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Violence against the neck can result in a range of macromorphological and micromorphological findings. However, the forensic relevance of the carotid sinus in cases of violence against the neck remains controversial. In this follow-up study of 22 cases of suicidal and accidental strangulations, carotid bifurcations were examined histologically for morphological changes implying direct trauma, including haemorrhage and immunohistochemical expression of heat-shock proteins 27, 60, and 70 and aquaporin-3. These cases were compared with a control group (82 cases) without neck compression or head trauma and with variable causes of death. No relevant histopathological findings implying direct trauma of the carotid bifurcation were found. No cases showed positive aquaporin-3 staining and only five cases showed positive heat-shock protein-27 staining, all of which were hangings. Without massive trauma of the carotid bifurcation, histological alterations cannot be expected. Without signs of rapid death, findings of acute circulatory failure, macromorphological and micromorphological findings of neck compression, and reliable markers indicating relevant impact on the carotid bifurcation the diagnosis of a lethal reflex cannot be verified.
Key points
- Among 22 cases of strangulation causing death, there were 16 cases of hanging and 6 cases of ligature strangulation
- Few cases showed small haemorrhages located predominantly in the surrounding fat and connective tissues; however, the haemorrhages did not have any effects on the tissues
- Neck compression had minimal effects on heat shock protein 27 expression in carotid artery tissue
- Aquaporin-3 staining suggested it is not a useful marker for relevant neck pressure, or that there had not been any relevant neck impact
- Our findings suggested no direct evidence for reflex cardiac death resulting from a brief force against the neck
30.
Fingerprints are frequently encountered during both civil and criminal investigations. Fingerprints possess numerous characteristics that assist with personal identification. Determining the hand of origin (right or left) for an individual fingerprint would help reduce investigation time and potentially eliminate certain suspects. In this study, we collected a total of 2 900 single digit fingerprints from 290 individuals, and the whorl axis slant was examined in the 743 whorl pattern fingerprints (385 from the right hand and 358 from the left hand). A slant towards the right side was present in 81.82% of samples from the right hand, while a slant towards the left side was observed in 80.73% of samples from the left hand. After applying a chi-square test to the dataset, the results were found to be statistically significant for the determination of hand origin. Our results suggest that the whorl axis slant in a fingerprint is indicative of hand origin (right or left).
Key points
- Single digit fingerprints with whorl pattern were analyzed.
- Whorl “axis slant” was used to determine the hand origin.
- Right axis slant would indicate the right hand of the print.
- Left axis slant would indicate the left hand of the print.