罪犯身体健康权的缺损与救济

罪犯权利有应有权利、法定权利和实有权利之分。身体健康权是罪犯的应有权利和法定权利。但在实践中,罪犯的身体健康权存在着种种缺损。罪犯的身体健康权的缺损应通过刑罚处罚、行政处分、民事损害赔偿和刑事赔偿等主要手段予以救济。     

胆囊收缩素基因单核苷酸多态性与精神状态的关系及法医学意义

胆囊收缩素（cholecystokinin,CCK）是一种具有广泛生物学活性的脑肠肽,既是胃肠道主要调节激素之一,还广泛存在于中枢及外周神经系统中以神经递质或神经调质的形式发挥重要的生理作用。近年来国内外研究发现,CCK基因上存在多个单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms。SNP）位点,其中一45C／T,-196G／A变异与多种精神状态如精神分裂症、抑郁症、自杀行为、帕金森病等存在一定的相关性。这些SNP多态性可应用于法医物证学的亲子鉴定和个人识别,并且可能成为某些特殊案例如涉及精神病鉴定、法医病理学的疾病鉴定、异常行为（自杀倾向等）鉴定的辅助指标之一。     

Tariff liberalization and product standards: Regulatory chill and race to the bottom?

Does tariff liberalization cause regulatory chill by putting downward pressure on health, safety, and environmental standards? Or does it cause a race to the top as governments seek to use standards as nontariff barriers to trade? There remains remarkably little empirical evidence to answer these long-debated questions. We seek to address this lack by analyzing annual country-by-industry data on notifications of changes in sanitary and phytosanitary standards by world trade organization members. Our results suggest that the impact of increased trade pressure depends on whether domestic producers are likely to gain or lose from a change in standards. Regulatory chill is the dominant response in most countries, but countries in which producers can adapt to standards relatively cheaply appear to race to the top. Consequently, tariff liberalization encourages divergence in standards across countries.     

Fragment analysis in forensic anthropology

Anthropological analysis of fragmentary evidence can be challenging but diverse methods allow substantial information to be gleaned. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy enables determination if bone and/or tooth tissue is present. Protein radioimmunoassay or DNA analysis can establish the species present. Histological analysis can assist in species determination and reveal information about thermal changes. Radiocarbon analysis with special reference to the modern bomb-curve can clarify the postmortem interval. Anthropologists should also be aware that DNA analysis not only can enable positive identification but assist in the evaluation of sex and age at death.     

失范鉴定人将面临的三份监管“黑名单”

鉴定意见是重要的诉讼证据,是法官发现事实真相的得力助手,但失范鉴定意见则起着相反的作用。近期全国人大常委会、最高人民法院、国家市场监督管理总局分别发文,对鉴定主体展开信用管理,对于存在失信失范行为的鉴定主体,纳入黑名单进行管理,需引起鉴定机构和鉴定人的重视。     

完善文件检验实验室国家认可工作

作为法庭科学实验室的一个分支,文件检验实验室的鉴定结论在刑事案件和民事案件中都担当着十分重要的角色。司法环境的变化使得文件检验实验室通过认可活动来保障和提高鉴定质量成为一种现实需求。文件检验实验室的国家实验室认可应做好建立实验室的体系文件、建立人员和设备档案、确定检验方法、质量监督等方面的工作。     

Normalization of the Health Claims System of Food Labeling in China

Health claims, as an important type of food nutrition labeling, its standardized system design do not exist in China. The article examined International Codex Alimentarius Commission’ sdefinition and category to health claims, integrated with the comparative analysis of concerning laws and regulations related with health claims in Australia and New Zealand, and the American standard of proof and examination and approval procedure about health claims. Finally this article is aimed at providing the template for health claims law, and searching the rational path of health claims legal systems, thus normalizing food health claims systems in our country.     

论我国精神病人刑事责任问题

精神病人的刑事责任问题在我国古代就已经存在,世界上其他国家也有关于该制度的规定。精神病人的刑事责任有别于非精神病人,该制度的设计有其独特的社会价值。实践中,精神病人刑事责任理论和实践操作存在着一定的冲突,这种冲突需要从制度、工具和文化三个层面解决。     

The Effects of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative on the Millennium Development Goals for Health

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC) on the attainment of the health millennium development goals (MDGs) in Africa and identify other correlates of health MDGs. This way, the paper uses data from the World Bank and employs the difference in difference (DID) approach to estimate the impact of HIPC on health MDGs and to identify other determinants of health MDG attainment. The results show that the impact of HIPC on health MDGs is positive. Specifically, due to HIPC, the level of the following health MDG indicators decreased: mortality rate (infant); mortality rate (neonatal); incidence of tuberculosis; prevalence of HIV/AIDS, and mortality rate under five. However, the incidence of tuberculosis (all forms) registered an increase in Africa, even in treated groups. Our findings also indicate that MDGs for health will not be attained simultaneously because some variables that reduce mortality such as GDP per capita, natural resources and education cause HIV/AIDS.     

浅析低龄职务犯罪心理及预防

职务犯罪低龄化现象日趋严重，面对这一现象，学者们习惯于从宏观视角分析其原因及预防措施．而对低龄职务犯罪心理甚少关注。通过对低龄职务犯罪的概念、特点、危害以及几种典型心理进行分析，深入探索低龄职务犯罪心理结构中的各具体心理要素，并进一步将整个低龄职务犯罪心理的形成过程动态化，从而对低龄职务犯罪进行心理预防。