抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体的制备

目的建立抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，制备高特异性的丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体，并对其免疫学特性进行鉴定。方法在丁丙诺啡的分子上连接活性羧基基团，通过缩合反应将丁丙诺啡半抗原连接于血蓝蛋白（KLH）和小牛血清白蛋白（BSA），形成完全抗原。以完全抗原免疫Balb／c小鼠，通过细胞融合，筛选等杂交瘤技术，建立稳定的分泌抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。通过腹腔注射杂交瘤细胞，诱导小鼠产生含有单抗的腹水。用辛酸-硫酸铵加亲和层析法纯化抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体。采用酶联免疫反应和胶体金膜层析实验测定丁丙诺啡单抗的特异性以及免疫反应动力学参数。结果共获得3株分泌抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，分别命名为7E6，6G4和3C2。7E6，6G4抗体灵敏度为10．0ng／ml，3C2抗体灵敏度为20．0ng／ml。7E6，6CA和3C2抗体的亲和常数分别为3．6×10^-9 mol／L，4．3×10^-9 mol／L和6．3×10^-9 mol／L。特异性测试结果表明7E6和6G4抗体与40种药物、毒品无任何交叉反应，而3C2抗体与吗啡有交叉反应。结论杂交瘤细胞株7E6和6G4产生的抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体具有很高的特异性和灵敏度。     

大鼠DAI脑细胞凋亡与Phospho-Ser^727 Stat1表达的相关性

目的探讨Stat1是否参与弥漫性轴索损伤（diffuse axonal injury,DAI）后神经细胞凋亡的病理生理过程。方法应用自由落体撞击模型复制大鼠DAI模型,分为正常对照组、假手术组和打击后不同时间组（6、12、24、48、72h,5d和10d）。采用HE染色和镀银染色观察大鼠脑组织的病理改变,用流式细胞检测脑组织中脑细胞的凋亡率,RT-PCR法测定脑组织中bax和bcl-2的表达变化,免疫组织化学法测定脑组织中不同脑区727位丝氨酸磷酸化的信号转导与转录激活子1（Phospho-Ser727 Stat1）的表达情况。结果DAI后HE染色未见脑挫裂伤,镀银染色可见神经轴索扭曲肿胀,个别断端膨大形成轴缩球;损伤组脑细胞的凋亡率和脑组织中bax和bcl-2 cDNA扩增产物的比值24h达到最大值,随后下降;不同脑区Phospho-Ser727 Stat1表达升高,24h达峰后下降,至10d较对照组仍有显著差异;阳性细胞主要是神经元,在不同脑区也有一定量的神经胶质细胞阳性表达。脑组织中Phospho-Ser727 Stat1表达变化与bax和bcl-2的cDNA扩增产物比值的变化具有正相关性,相关系数r为0.921。结论大鼠DAI后Stat1的激活和损伤后脑细胞的凋亡有关,应与损伤后二次打击有关。     

MMP-2和MMP-9与脑损伤及其法医学意义

基质金属蛋白酶2和9（MMP-2、MMP-9）是基质金属蛋白酶（matrix metalloproteinases，MMPs）家族中的两个成员，可降解Ⅳ型胶原、层粘连蛋白等基质成分，从而使血脑屏障结构破坏，通透性增加，导致血管源性脑水肿，在脑血管疾病和脑损伤形成过程中起着重要的作用。在损伤后不同时段，MMP-2和MMPO含量及分布均呈现一定的波动性，探讨这些问题对脑损伤的治疗及在法医学中推断脑损伤时间有十分重要的意义。本文就这些问题的相关研究作一概述。     

DNA typing in populations of mule deer for forensic use in the Province of Alberta

The present study involves the development of forensic DNA typing tests and databases for mule deer in the Province of Alberta. Two multiplex PCR reactions interrogating 10 loci were used to analyze samples from three populations of mule deer. Additionally, an amelogenin based sex-typing marker was used to determine the gender of samples. Results show that the tests and databases are appropriate for use in forensic applications. Additionally, the results indicate that there is little population structure in mule deer in Alberta and that no changes to management of this game species are suggested.     

行政规划中的公众参与程序：理想与误区——从汶川地震恢复重建规划说起

通过对汶川地震恢复重建规划的分析可以发现，行政规划的确定将对众多社会群体的法律利益和事实利益产生重大影响。为此，有必要构建行政规划中的公众参与程序，作为公有制前提下公共利益与个体利益的平衡器，并以主体性公众参与作为目标模式。在行政规划的公众参与过程中，容易因公众参与的无限扩张导致政府决策效率低下甚至无法决策，或因公众利益的分化和参与不平衡导致社会公正受损，或者发生公众意见对法律和政策目标的偏离，对此均应竭力避免和纠正。     

陈仪与台湾光复初期的文化重建

陈仪从在重庆主持台湾调查委员会工作开始,一直到担任台湾省行政长官期间,都十分重视台湾光复后的文化重建。他提倡“心理建设”和“文化建设”,重视国语、国文的推广和普及,尤其注重学校的文史教育;同时,他还很重视对民众的宣传和宣导,重视公教人员的培训,以及学校教材和社会读物的编译等工作,努力消除日本殖民文化在台湾的影响。可是,学术界对陈仪主持下的文化重建工作却有一些截然不同的评价,针对这些评价,本文提出了自己的看法。     

域外毒品鉴定错案成因分析与防范借鉴

近年来,域外毒品鉴定错案高发,深刻暴露出毒品鉴定管理的内源性问题,值得我国相关领域工作人员借鉴。本文首先概述了毒品鉴定的特点;其次,根据近年来美国、加拿大、英国等地出现的典型毒品鉴定错案,对相关成因做系统梳理,为提升毒品鉴定管理质量、降低毒品鉴定错案的负面影响提供参考依据。本文将鉴定错案分为"错误"和"失误"两大类,并提出了通过提升实验室内部管理、加强实验室外部监督以及落实鉴定意见的质证认证等环节,预防毒品鉴定错案的系统方法。对于防范毒物毒品错案的发生具有重要的参照意义。     

Student mentoring to enhance graduates’ employability potential

This paper considers whether the adoption of a subject-specific, classroom-based, voluntary extra-curricular student mentoring scheme could provide an effective mechanism and andragogic approach to enhance higher education students’ employability potential pre-graduation.Over the three-year pilot, 26 more advanced (second to fourth year) undergraduate students actively mentored nearly 400 first year undergraduate students during workshops delivered annually within forensic and policing focused courses. In total, 17 mentors anonymously completed online, post-scheme surveys. Survey data was quantitatively analysed to evaluate the scheme, establish which skills and attributes mentors had developed and investigate whether mentors could appropriately identify example skills within professional terminology used during employer recruitment. In addition, this paper reflects on the implementation of remote student mentoring during the COVID-19 pandemic and its adoption within a blended learning framework.The results from this research strongly support mentoring as an effective mechanism to develop undergraduate employability skills, significantly developing mentors’ self-confidence and self-efficacy in their interpersonal and communication skills. Although mentors were aware of university graduate attributes and thought they could evidence these with appropriate examples, in practice this was not necessarily the case. As a result, a framework is proposed to enable mentors to identify their skills and how they may align with competencies sought by relevant forensic and policing employers. However, other andragogic practices may need to be implemented to maximise the potential for successful graduate employment.     

RemoteForensicCSI: Enriching teaching,training and learning through networking and timely CPD

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about rapid, transformational change to pedagogic practice on a global scale. During this time, educators across all levels needed to significantly broaden and upskill their digital skills and competence to instantaneously turn face-2-face content into remote, online provision, particularly during periods of national lockdown. Whilst there was significant e-content available in some subject domains, there were limited e-resources available to those working within the criminal justice sector. The #RemoteForensicCSI network was established in attempts to fill this gap and support both practitioner and learner transition within further and higher education and industry.This article evaluates the value and impact that the #RemoteForensicCSI initiative had on the personal development of network participants, their peers and learners, whilst considering, reflecting on and recommending how remote delivery may influence the future of teaching, training and learning within education and the wider criminal justice sector.     

Chemical trace XRF analysis to detect sharp force trauma in fresh and burned bone

Forensic anthropologists may not always be able to differentiate heat-induced fractures from fractures with other aetiologies, namely sharp force traumas, with clear nefarious impact on medico-legal conclusions. The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate if blade chemical traces are transferred to defleshed bone tissue and if they remain there after a burning event. This was accomplished by prompting sharp force traumas in 20 macerated fresh pig ribs with five different instruments, namely a stainless steel knife, an artisanal knife and a ceramic kitchen knife, a small axe and a large axe. Another pig rib was used as control, not being subjected to any trauma. All instruments were probed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to establish the composition of each blade. Bone samples, both pre-burned and post-burned (at 500 °C, 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C), were then probed by XRF. All sharp force instruments left detectable chemical traces on pre-burned bone, although not in all samples. Furthermore, traces were still detected after experimental burning in most cases. Potentially, XRF can provide relevant information about the aetiology of fractures in burned and unburned bones, although the effect of soft tissues and diagenesis must still be investigated.