An ambiguous sequence-based allele of SE33

SE33 was a well-known autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) marker that was high polymorphic and therefore was high discrimination power. The sequence structure of STR markers has been increasingly explored with next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The sequencing resulted in the development of a new locus designation and allele nomenclature that was also backward compatible with the conventional capillary electrophoresis. SE33 was one of the STR markers that had been coamplified by Forenseq™ Signature Prep Kit (Verogen) but were not analyzed and illustrated in the Universal Analysis Software (UAS) (Verogen). This study reported an ambiguous sequence-based allele 16.3 of the SE33 locus. This allele was observed while analyzed by STRait Razor 3.0. The configuration file was modified from the previous studies to include 15 bp of 5′ flanking region and 24 bp of 3′ flanking region. The ambiguous allele was called 16.3 (106 bp) with a read count of 2070. However, the sequence of the repeat region cannot be designated as allele 16.3. Several possible scenarios for allele designation were presented and discussed.     

Evaluating population structure of Ecuador for forensic STR markers

The continuous admixture events among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans occurred differently throughout the Ecuadorian territory, creating a diversified genetic composition. Therefore, to evaluate how the genetic diversity is partitioned along the country for 15 STRs, 842 admixed-population samples were analyzed. We also evaluated the effect of applying an adjustment for population structure when estimating LRs using a national database. The results showed that to accurately assess forensic evidence, the use of a national database may be justified with the application of an appropriate adjustment for population structure.     

Predicting the optimal STR profile amplification set up from Quantifiler™ Trio data

Samples collected for forensic case work may be of varying quality and quantity. The sample DNA is often quantified prior to short tandem repeats (STR) profile analysis with methods such as Quantifiler™Trio (QFT). The QFT measures the quantity of DNA as well as an internal PCR control (IPC) and a degradation index (DI).The aim of this study was to use IPC and DI measurements to identify samples, which would benefit from a modified PCR amplification set-up when generating the STR profiles. The sample quality of 6287 single source case work samples were categorized as 'Good’, ‘Partly degraded’, ‘Highly degraded’, ‘Inhibited’ and ‘Degraded and Inhibited’ based on the peak height ratios in the electropherogram data. The DI and IPC were correlated with the assigned quality categories of the samples. Samples categorized into the degraded and/or inhibited categories were found to have statistically significantly different DI and IPC compared to samples categorized as ‘Good’. This indicates that the additional information gained from the QFT can be useful to identify degraded and/or inhibited samples prior to the STR-profile analysis. Future work will re-evaluate the criteria of inclusion in the sample quality groups and implement multi source samples.     

Automated DNA casework workflow: A retrospective study of the first implementation of FIDL at the Netherlands Forensic Institute

FIDL is a fast and automated DNA identification line which represents a series of software solutions automating the process from raw capillary electrophoresis data to reporting. This retrospective study provides insight in the numbers of cases, turnaround time, results compared to the standard workflow and the benefits automation has in a large volume workflow.     

中国行政法学理论体系之重构——以行政指导的发展为视角

以强制性行政行为为主导是我国现行行政法的主要内容.社会主义市场经济以及民主政治的发展与进步已导致行政法理念由控权论向平衡论转变,以非强制的行政指导为主导将成为中国行政法的未来发展方向,这与现行行政法学理论体系存在诸多冲突.为此,必须重构中国行政法学的理论体系:重新定位行政行为的性质、重新构建非强制行政行为的合法性标准、行政救济的受案范围以及行政法律责任体系.     

论清代命案检验中的鉴定文书

清代的鉴定文书不仅应包括通说中的尸格、尸图、骨格、骨图,而且还应该包括通详类上行文书、仵作甘结,它们各有侧重,相互验证。通详类文书中有介绍现场勘查、分析说明的作用,仵作甘结则体现了验证图格,防止作弊的用处。三者共同构成了一套精巧的表达体系。同时,清朝还在损伤描述要素上作了规范化的努力。     

《加强美国法庭科学之路》的反响和启示

美国科学院国家研究顾问委员会2009年2月发布的《加强美国法庭科学之路》明确指出目前美国法庭科学领域的很多学科存在严重缺陷,不能很好地为司法审判服务。本文通过对该报告出台背景和一年多来的争论和反响进行分析,对其披露的问题和提出的建议进行了详细解读。目前其主要争议存在于设立独立的国家法庭科学研究院和隔离法庭科学机构与执法...     

深化综合改革中的组织重构探究

原有的层级制组织结构由于存在高行政成本、监督成本和影响成本,以及对环境适应性低的缺陷,成为制约经济发展和社会进步的瓶颈之一。在不断变化的新形势下,政府应打破层级制和集权,采取分类和分层治理等措施进行组织重构,逐步转向网络组织结构。同时,注意分化改革中的各种阻力,即传统习惯势力的束缚、既得利益者的反对以及转换成本的存在。     

《左传》隐公记事的叙事立场

《左传》记事始于隐公的问题是经学研究的重要话题。古代经学家多通过“始隐说”将《春秋》说成是兴王之作。但是《左传》隐公记事却表达了不同立场。《左传》隐公记事虽然表现出尊王倾向，但突出的却是天下无王为势所必然。《左传》隐公记事对隐公的描写并未显示出后世经学家所说的“王鲁”迹象，对郑庄公的肯定态度则显示了《左传》认同霸主政治的思想倾向。《春秋》兴王说也是一家之言。     

《弟子规》及其当代价值研究——《弟子规》与当代社会秩序的重构

最近几年,《弟子规》热在全国不断蔓延,不仅很多中小学开始教授这本书,更有不少企业以这本书作为企业管理的重要参照。通观《弟子规》全文,它不仅是一本简单的启蒙读物,其字里行间更蕴含着近代以前中国社会秩序的要求与规范。当今国家大力推动社会建设,《弟子规》能够给予我们的启发很多,进一步分析与阐明《弟子规》文本的价值对其将有更进一层的认识与掌握。