祖孙双单亲比对的匹配概率研究

目的推导祖孙双单亲比对的匹配概率(PMGDS)公式,并以随机模拟法进行验证。方法首先,根据定义推导PMGDS的数学公式,依据此公式在19个基因座上计算PMGDS的数值。其次,以随机模拟法设计实验,在19个基因座上计算PMGDS的模拟值。最后,以模拟值对比公式值的方式,对公式进行实验验证。结果研究获得了PMGDS的数学公式,经模拟实验验证显示出良好的符合。结论祖孙双单亲比对的错判概率较低,具有很好的应用价值。     

IgE死后生化学检测的研究现状及应用展望

过敏性休克导致死亡的案例在法医学实践中常有发生,然而由于缺少特异的病理形态学指征,导致过敏性休克死亡的法医学鉴定面临一定的困难。IgE作为介导I型超敏反应的关键介质,其死后生化学检测对过敏性休克死亡案例的法医学鉴定具有辅助作用。但在实际应用中,血液等检材常受溶血等死后变化因素影响,尤其我国尸体保存以冷冻为主,溶血程度更加严重,对IgE等生化学指标的检测造成极大干扰。本文就目前IgE死后生化学检测的研究现状、生物学检材的选取及检测方法进行综述,并对现实应用中所面临的问题进行探讨。     

眼部损伤程度鉴定意见一致性的影响因素分析

目的 分析眼部损伤程度重新鉴定意见不一致的原因,为此类鉴定提供借鉴.方法 选取法大法庭科学技术鉴定研究所2016～2019年受理的108例眼部损伤程度重新鉴定案例进行回顾性分析.结果 鉴定时机的选择、鉴定材料的利用、检验方法 的采用、损伤的论证、标准条款的理解等问题是重新鉴定与原鉴定意见不一致的常见原因.结论 针对上述...     

期待可能性的本质与妨害司法罪的认定

在法学上；法益尊重的可能性可以看成是期待可能性的本质；在哲学上，相对的意志自由可以看成是期待可能性的本质。在妨害作证罪、帮助毁灭、伪造证据罪、窝藏、包庇罪和脱逃罪的成立中，期待可能性都能给予解释。在妨害司法罪的认定上，期待可能性理论的接受和运用体现着一种司法人性化。     

析刑事技术在一起杀人抛尸案中的作用

2008年6月13日,云南省兰坪县发现一个无受害人、有人血痕迹的现场。经刑侦人员对现场情况进行勘查、分析后,确定案件为一起杀人抛尸案。现场勘查确定案件性质、领导重视、技术人员认真细致的工作是成功破案的关键。     

Understanding Children's Use of Secrecy in the Context of Eyewitness Reports

To investigate socioemotional influences on children's eyewitness accuracy, we examined children's reports for activities they were motivated to conceal. Forty-eight 3–6-year-old children participated in a standardized play session with their mothers. Half of the children were told by an experimenter not to play with certain toys, but did so at the urging of their mothers, who told their children to keep the play activities secret. The remaining children were not restricted from playing with the toys, nor told by their mothers to keep the play activities secret. Later, all children were interviewed about the activities with free narrative and detailed questions. Half were given an interview that consisted of highly suggestive questions; half were given an interview consisting of specific, less suggestive questions. Results indicated that older children who were instructed to keep events secret withheld more information than did older children not told to keep events secret. Younger children's reports were not significantly affected by the secret manipulation. There were no significant effects associated with interview type. We discuss implications for understanding the development of children's knowledge and use of secrecy, and applications of the research to issues that arise when child witnesses give reports in legal contexts.     

Expert Testimony Pertaining to Battered Woman Syndrome: Its Impact on Jurors' Decisions

Participants (N = 200) were presented with a criminal homicide trial involving a battered woman who had killed her abuser. Within the trial, both the response history (passive, active) and presence of expert testimony pertaining to battered woman syndrome (present, absent) were systematically varied. As well, half of the participants in each of these conditions were provided with a nullification instruction informing them that they were free to disregard the law and acquit should a strict application of the law result in an unjust verdict. Results indicated that, compared to the passive response condition, the mock jurors were no less receptive to the expert testimony in the active response condition. The impact of the testimony on participants' verdicts, however, was moderated by the nullification instruction. That is, although the presence of the testimony did result in greater verdict leniency, this only occurred when the mock jurors had been released from a strict application of the law. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

受虐儿童眼内改变的多媒体计算机研究

本研究在传统计算机应用的基础上，综合应用多媒体计算机，视窗下多媒体创作工具等技术，结合法医学实际，研制出受虐儿童眼内改变的多媒体计算机系统。对于提高法医学工作质量，跟踪国际先进技术具有重要意义。展望多媒体计算机在法医学鉴定、法医学教育、法医学科研等方面的应用在深度和广度方面会有更大的发展。     

Lineup Identification by Children: Effects of Clothing Bias

This study examined effects of clothing cues on children's identification accuracy from lineups. Four- to 14-year-olds (n = 228) saw 12 video clips of individuals, each wearing a distinctly colored shirt. After watching each clip children were presented with a target-present or target-absent photo lineup. Three clothing conditions were included. In 2 conditions all lineup members wore the same colored shirt; in the third, biased condition, the shirt color of only one individual matched that seen in the preceding clip (the target in target-present trials and the replacement in target-absent trials). Correct identifications of the target in target-present trials were most frequent in the biased condition, whereas in target-absent trials the biased condition led to more false identifications of the target replacement. Older children were more accurate than younger children, both in choosing the target from target-present lineups and rejecting target-absent lineups. These findings suggest that a simple clothing cue such as shirt color can have a significant impact on children's lineup identification accuracy.     

Impact of Defense-Only and Opposing Eyewitness Experts on Juror Judgments

Previous research shows that expert testimony on eyewitness memory influences mock-juror judgments. We examined the extent to which opposing expert testimony mitigates the impact of defense-only expert testimony. Participants (N = 497) viewed a video-taped trial involving an eyewitness identification and individually rendered verdicts and evaluated the evidence and the experts. We manipulated the Foils (unbiased vs. biased) and Instructions (unbiased vs. biased) of the lineup and Expert Testimony (no expert vs. defense-only expert vs. opposing experts). Expert testimony did not significantly influence juror judgments, but the opposing expert testimony diminished the credibility of the defense expert in the eyes of the jurors. Results point to the need for further research on conditions that qualify the impact of expert testimony.