Poverty and Its Possible Cures: Abe Isoo and Kawakami Hajime

This article explores the views of two eminent Meiji intellectuals, Abe Isoo (1865–1949) and Kawakami Hajime (1879–1946), regarding poverty and its possible cures. Both men addressed this subject at a time which saw the rapid development of monopoly capitalism in Japan. Politically, this period was typified by the social and political oppression that followed the Public Order Police Law (1900) and the High Treason Incident (1910). The latter marked the beginning of the “winter” of the socialist movement in Japan. Abe, the father of Japanese socialism, and the younger Kawakami, a bourgeois economist and later a Marxist, were two of the more prominent intellectuals concerned with poverty. This article outlines their thoughts on poverty and its possible cures in the period between 1903 and 1916 as expressed in their most representative works on the issue, Abe’s Saikin no shakai mondai (Current Social Problems), (1915) and Kawakami’s Bimbô monogatari (The Tale of Poverty), (1916).     

论房屋征收补偿协议要式化的困境与出路

房屋征收补偿协议的法律属性是行政契约,征收人的签约行为是一种要式行政行为。我国相关法律规范对房屋征收补偿协议签约行为的主体、程序、内容与方式等进行了要式化构造。通过考察房屋征收补偿的地方法律规范、裁判文书以及征收补偿实践参与者的感受,可以发现补偿协议签约行为要式化在实践中存在征收人权力行使恣意、被征收人的契约性权利遭受严重侵害的困境。落实与完善房屋征收补偿协议签约行为的要式化法律制度,应以"权力与契约的整合"为法理指引,建立签约阶段主体地位平等关系,利用签约程序规制行政权力,提升签约内容的合意性以及强调签约方式的合作性,并在上述理念指引下,以限定签约主体范围与进行信用管理,完善前置程序、签约期限与救济程序,优化奖励制度、协商机制与生效要件,实施违法监督与行政问责等为具体出路。     

A formal model for event reconstruction in digital forensic investigation

Event reconstruction is an important phase in digital forensic investigation, which determines what happened during the incident. The digital investigator uses the findings of this phase to prepare reports for the court. Since the results must be reproducible and verifiable, it is necessary that the event reconstruction methods be rigorous and strict. In order to fulfill the legal requirements, this study proposes an event reconstruction framework which is based on the formal mathematical methods. In particular, it uses the temporal logic model checking that is an automatic verification technique. The idea is that the system under investigation is modeled as a transition system. Then the digital forensic property is specified using the modal μ-calculus. Finally, a model checking algorithm verifies whether the transition system meets the property. In order to demonstrate the proposed formal event reconstruction framework, an abstract model of the FAT file system is presented and some digital forensic properties are formulated. A big problem in model checking is the so-called state space explosion. This study addresses this problem and suggests some solutions to it. Finally, the proposed framework is applied to a case study to demonstrate how some hypotheses can be proved or refuted.     

谨防刑法规定过度精细化

刑法规定越来越细微精巧,罪名种类越来越繁琐复杂,罪状表达越来越详尽具体.但从哲学视角看,过于精细的刑法规定有悖质量相统一理论和辩证认识论理论;从法理学视角看,过于精细的刑法规定违背法的稳定性、法的模糊性和法的精简性理论;从法学实践视角看,过于精细的刑法规定制约刑法适用并且影响对刑法的理解;从刑法方法思维视角看,过于精细...     

La jurisprudencia en cuba: reconocimiento dentro del sistema de fuentes del derecho y posibles consecuencias*

In Cuba there is no formal and explicit determination of the sources of Law. At present, however, beyond the normative act as only way for the creation of Law, exists other forms, among which is the jurisprudence. This article discusses some elements that sustain the possibility and necessity of its recognition in the Cuban legal system and the consequences of this fact, since the development of the jurisprudence in different historical moments, the main positions and doctrinal controversies — especially in the Cuban academic circles —, and its concrete manifestation in the judicial system in Cuba.     

Formal and Informal Volunteering in a Nordic Context: The Case of Denmark

This article compares three different forms of volunteering: formal volunteering which is typically carried out in formalized organizations; informal practical help which is most often provided in a face-to-face context and requires the giving of time; and economic assistance which requires neither the co-presence of actors nor the giving of time. The different nature and structuring of these formal and informal ways of contributing to society suggest that they require different resources. Grounded in sociological theory we argue that three sets of factors are particularly relevant for explaining volunteering: personal or ‘human capital’ factors, social network resources, and civic values. We test in a multivariate analysis how various indicators of these personal and social resources relate to the different forms of volunteering. The study relies on a comprehensive survey of the Danish adult population. The findings, therefore, are interpreted in the light of this particular institutional environment which forms the backdrop for individual choices about volunteering. We find that the different forms of formal and informal volunteering seem to form a continuum of civic engagement going from the most public to the most private. Furthermore, compared to informal ways of volunteering, formal volunteering seems to be more contingent upon access to and supply of different forms of personal and social resources.     

国际私法中法律选择方法的价值探究

法律选择方法①中的价值观,表现为对形式正义和实质正义的不同追求。传统方法追求法律选择中的形式正义,现代理论则主张以法律适用的结果和利益来决定法律选择,即追求法律选择中的实质正义。法律应当是两大价值的综合,即法律旨在创设一种正义的社会秩序,那么当代②法律选择追求的应是两者的融和与平衡。最密切联系原则依托于连接因素,又使法官的自由裁量权得以发挥,为两种价值观的平衡实现提供了可能。而最终价值的真正实现,还必须对最密切联系原则的成熟形态进行不断地探索。     

格式条款研究

格式条款的出现是20世纪合同法发展的重要标志之一,它以其交易的便捷性和经济性适应了商品经济发展的要求,同时也给合同相对方的利益造成了损害。本文从格式条款对合同法基本原则的冲击出发,评析了我国《合同法》有关格式条款的规定,提出了从立法、司法、行政三个方面来规制格式条款建议。     

陈云对社会主义思想道德的贡献

陈云提倡勤俭节约、自力更生的创业精神,坚决反对贪污腐败和浪费行为,始终把人民利益放在第一位,重视干部群众的思想道德教育,强调党员和高级干部的共产主义思想教育,强调加强社会主义道德和精神文明建设.这些极大丰富了社会主义思想道德宝库.